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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleolus
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In the Nucleus; where ribosomes are made; In both plants and animals
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Nucleus
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contains most of the cell's DNA
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Nuclear Envelope
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Double membrane; separates the Nucleus from the Cytoplasm
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Chromatin
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made of DNA and histone proteins
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Chromosomes
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Condensed Chromatin
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Ribosomes
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particles made of ribosomal RNA and protein; they carry out protein synthesis in the cytosol and on the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum
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the endomembrane system contains:
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Nuclear envelope, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, Vacuoles, Plasma membrane
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Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Synthesizes lipids, phospholipids, & steroids; Metabolizes carbohydrates; Stores calcium; Detoxifies poison
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lysosome
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membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes; Lysosomal enzymes can hydrolyze proteins, fats, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids; Lysosomes also use enzymes to recycle organelles and macromolecules, a process called autophagy (“self eating”); responsible for apoptosis (programmed cell death)
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Vesicles and Vacuoles
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membrane-bound sacs with varied functions
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Contractile vacuoles
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pump excess water out of cells
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Central vacuoles
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hold organic compounds and water
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Food vacuoles
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formed by phagocytosis
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Mitochondria
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site of cell respiration; double membrane; Not Part Of The Endomembrane System
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Chloroplasts
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found only in plants and fungi; site of photosynthesis; double membrane; Not Part Of The Endomembrane System; structure includes Stroma and Thylakoids
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Cristae
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The folds on the inner membrane of the mitochondria; they increase the surface area and therefore make it more productive
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Peroxisomes
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produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it into water; single membrane
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Cytoskeleton
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Network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm; help to maintain cell structure and anchors organelles
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Microtubules
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thickest of the three components of the cytoskeleton; maintainence of cell shape; motility; chromosome movements; organelle movements; grow out from a centrosome near the nucleus
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Centrosome
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animal cells- a pair of centrioles- nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a ring
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