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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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population
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the collection of a specific species of organisms in a given geographic region
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density
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a measurement of the number of organisms per unit area
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dispersion
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the processes by which a species maintains or expands the distribution of a population
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geographical range
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the geographic area in which a population lives
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clumped dispersion
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organisms are grouped together around an area. most common in nature
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random dispersion
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species are spread out with no particular pattern
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uniform dispersion
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organisms are spread evenly throughout an area
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biogeography
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the study of the past and present distribution of species
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demography
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the study of statistics relating to births and deaths in populations
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age structure
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the relative number of individuals of each age in a population
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fecundity
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the potential reproductive capacity of an organism or population
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generation time
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the time between an organism gives birth and when their mature offspring gives birth
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life table
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shows for a person of each age the likelihood that they will die before their next birthday
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cohort
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a group of organisms of the same species and of roughly the same age
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survivorship curve
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a plot of the number of members of a cohort that are still alive at each age; one way to represent age-specific mortality
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life history
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traits that affect schedual of birth, death, and reproduction
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semelparity
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where organisms invest most of their energy in growth and reproduction, have one large reproductive effort, adn then die.
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iteroparity
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where organisms produce fewer offspring over a span of many seasons
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intrinsic rate of increase
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the difference between the number of births and the number of deaths; rmax; the maximum population growth rate
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exponential population growth
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geometric increase in a population under ideal conditions
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carrying capacity
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the maximum population that can be supported by the available resources; or K
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logistic population growth
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model that levels off as population size approaches K
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density-dependent factor
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a factor that influences population regulation that has a greater impact as population density increases
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Allee effect
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small populations that don't follow exponential growth; random event more likely to destroy population
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intraspecific competition
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where members of the same species compete among eachother for resources
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territoriality
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the defense of a well bounded physical space
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density-independent factor
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a factor influencing population regulation that acts to reduce population by a constant percentage
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r-selected species
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found in variable environments or open habitats with little competition; short generation time
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K-selected species
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found in fairly stable environments and have a longer generation time
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