Ap Biology Chapter 32 Vocabulary

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INGESTION

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eating other organisms or organic material that is decomposing

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CLEAVAGE

Back 2

a succession of mitotic cell divisions

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BLASTULA

Back 3

a multicellular stage which in many animals takes the form of a hollow ball; a hollow ball of cells

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GASTRULA

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the two-layered, cup-shaped embryonic stage

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LARVA

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a free-living, sexually immature form in some animal life cycles that may differ from the adult in morphology, nutrition, and habitat

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METAMORPHOSIS

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the resurgence of development in an animal larva that transforms it into a sexually mature adult

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PARAZOA

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members of the subkingdom of animals consisting of the sponges; lacking true tissues

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EUMETAZOA

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members of the subkingdom that includes all animals except sponges

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RADIAL SYMMETRY

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characterizing a body shaped like a pie or barrel, with many equal parts radiating outward like the spokes of a wheel; present in cnidarians and echinoderms

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BILATERAL SYMMETRY

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characterizing a body form with a central longitudinal plane that divides the body into two equal but opposite halves

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VENTRAL

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bottom side

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DORSAL

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top side

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ANTERIOR

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head end

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POSTERIOR

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tail end

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CEPHALIZATION

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an evolutionary trend toward the concentration of sensory equipment on the anterior end, the end of a traveling animal that is usually first to encounter food, danger, and other stimuli

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GERM LAYER

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three main layers that form the various tissues and organs of an animal body

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ENDODERM

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the innermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; lines the archenteron and gives rise to the liver, pancreas, lungs, and the lining of the digestive tract

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ECTODERM

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the outermost of the three primary germ layers in animal embryos; gives rise to the outer covering and, in some phyla, the nervous system, inner ear, and lens of the eye

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ARCHENTERON

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the endoderm-lined cavity, formed during the gastrulation process, that develops into the digestive tract of an animal

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MESODERM

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the middle primary germ layer of an early embryo that develops into the notochord, the lining of the coelom, muscles, skeleton, gonads, kidneys, and most of the circulatory system

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DIPLOBLASTIC

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having two germ layers

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TRIPLOBLASTIC

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possessing three germ layers

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ACOELOMATE

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a solid-bodied animal lacking a cavity between the gut and outer body wall

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PSEUDOCOELOMATE

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an animal whose body cavity is not completely lined by mesoderm

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COELOM

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a body cavity lined competely with mesoderm

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PROTOSTOME

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a member of one of two distinct evolutionary lines of coelomates characterized by spiral, determinate cleavage, schizocoelous formation of the coelom, and development of the mouth from the blastopore

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DEUTEROSTOME

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one of two distinct evolutionary lines of coelomates characterized by radial indeterminate cleavage, enterocoelous formation of the coelom, and development of the anus from the blastopore

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SPIRAL CLEAVAGE

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a type of embryonic development in protostomes in which the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells occur obliquely to the polar axis resulting in cells of each tier sitting in the grooves between cells of adjacent tiers

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DETERMINATE CLEAVAGE

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a type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the developmental fate of each embryonic cell very early

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RADIAL CLEAVAGE

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a type of embryonic development in deuterostomes in which the planes of cell division that transform the zygote into a ball of cells are either parallel or perpendicular to the polar axis, thereby aligning tiers of cells one above the other

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INDETERMINATE CLEAVAGE

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a type of embryonic development in deuterostomes, in which each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo

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SCHIZOCOELUS

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the type of development found in protostomes; initially solid masses of mesoderm split to form coelomic cavities

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ENTEROCOELOUS

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the type of development found in deuterostomes; the coelomic cavities form when mesoderm buds form the wall of the archenteron and hollows out

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BLASTOPORE

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the opening of the archenteron in the gastrula that develops into the mouth in protostomes and the anus in deuterostomes

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LOPHOPHORE

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a horseshoe-shaped crown of ciliated tentacles used for feeding

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TROCHOPHORE LARVAE

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a larval stage shared by annelids and mollusks