Ap Biology Chapter 29&30 Vocabulary

Front 1

Stomata

Back 1

Microscopic pores surrounded by guard cells in the epidermis of leaves and stems that allow gas exchange between the environment and the interior of the plant

Front 2

Cuticle

Back 2

A waxy covering on the surface of stems and leaves that acts as an adaptation that prevents desiccation in terrestrial plants.

Front 3

Lignin

Back 3

A hard material embedded in the cellulose matrix of vascular plant cell walls that provides structural support in terrestrial species.

Front 4

Gametangia

Back 4

Multi-cellular plant structures in which gametes are formed.

Front 5

Gametophyte

Back 5

In organisms that have alteration of generations, the multi-cellular haploid form that produces haploid gametes by mitosis. The haploid gametes unite and develop into sporophytes.

Front 6

Sporophyte

Back 6

In organisms that have alteration of generations, the multi-cellular diploid form that results from the union of gametes. It produces haploid spores by meiosis that develop into gametophytes.

Front 7

Antheridium

Back 7

In plants, the male gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

Front 8

Archegonium

Back 8

In plants, the female gametangium, a moist chamber in which gametes develop.

Front 9

Sporangium

Back 9

A multi-cellular organ in fungi and plants in which meiosis occurs and haploid cells develop.

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Xylem

Back 10

Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Front 11

Xylem

Back 11

Vascular plant tissue consisting mainly of tubular dead cells that conduct most of the water and minerals upward from the roots to the rest of the plant.

Front 12

Phloem

Back 12

Vascular plant tissue consisting of living cells arranged into elongated tubes that transport sugar and other organic nutrients throughout the plant.

Front 13

Megaspores

Back 13

Spores from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a female gametophyte.

Front 14

Microspores

Back 14

Spores from a heterosporous plant species that develops into a male gametophyte.

Front 15

Seed

Back 15

An adaptation of some terrestrial plants consisting of an embryo packaged along with a store of food within a protective coat.

Front 16

Integuments

Back 16

Layers of sporophyte tissue that contribute to the structure of an ovule of a seed plant

Front 17

Ovule

Back 17

A structure that develops within the ovary of a seed plant and contains the female gametophyte.

Front 18

Tracheids

Back 18

Long, tapered water-conducting cells found in the xylem of nearly all vascular plants.

Front 19

Sepals

Back 19

Modified leaves in angiosperms that help enclose and protect a flower bud before it opens.

Front 20

Petals

Back 20

Modified leaves of flowering plants. They are the often colorful parts of a flower that advertise it to insects and other pollinators.

Front 21

Stamens

Back 21

The pollen-producing reproductive organs of a flower, consisting of an anther and a filament.

Front 22

Carpels

Back 22

The ovule-producing reproductive organs of a flower, consisting of the stigma, style, and ovary.

Front 23

Filament

Back 23

In an angiosperm, the stalk portion of the stamen, the pollen-producing reproductive organ of a flower.

Front 24

Anther

Back 24

In an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form.

Front 25

Stigma

Back 25

The sticky part of a flower's carpel, which traps pollen grains.

Front 26

Style

Back 26

The stalk of a flower's carpel, with the ovary at the base and the stigma at the top.

Front 27

Ovary

Back 27

In flowers, the portion of a carpel in which the egg-containing ovules develop.

Front 28

Double fertilization

Back 28

A mechanism of fertilization in angiosperms in which two sperm cells unite with two cells in the female gametophyte (embryo sac) to form the zygote and endosperm.

Front 29

Cotyledons

Back 29

Seed leaves of angiosperm embryos.

Front 30

Endosperm

Back 30

In angiosperms, a nutrient-rich tissue formed by the union of a sperm with two polar nuclei during double fertilization. It provides nourishment to the developing embryo in angiosperm seeds.