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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Compare and contrast the role of cell division in unicellular and multicellular |
Unicellular- creates new organisms. Multicellular - growth, replacing dead cells, and repairing. |
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Genome |
All the DNA |
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Chromosome |
2 chromatids & 1 centiromere. |
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Somatic cells |
Are anything but eggs and sperm. They are diploid. 2 set, 2n. |
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Gametes |
The sex cells. Egg and sperm are the only sex cells. Haploid (half) 1 set, 1n. |
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Chromatin |
DNA in interphase. Stringy. |
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Chromatid |
Replicated chromosome |
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Sister chromatids |
Chromatin coils around hailstones/organizing the chromatin. |
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Centromere |
Holds the chromatids together |
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Mitosis |
Division of the nucleus & produces 2 identical cells. Divides one/produces somatic cells (diploid) |
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Cytokinesis |
Division of the cytoplas/divide separately. |
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Meiosis |
Sex cells are produced, produces 4 cells, not identical, produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes, makes one set. |
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Mitotic phase |
CDK is a protein that must be maintained at a constant level throughout the cell cycle. Mitotic phase is the shortest phase of the cell cycle. |
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Interphase |
G1SG2. G1 = growth. S = to make another copy of DNA. G2 = grow some more. |
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G1 phase |
Growth & there is a do ahead signal to tell the cell to divide |
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S phase |
DNA replication |
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G2 phase |
Growth & prepared for divison |
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G0 phase |
Non dividing stage |
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Mitotic spindle |
Pull chromosome apart (spindle fibers) |
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Label |
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Label |
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Label diagram |
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Contrast cytokinesis in plant & animal cells |
Cytokinesis - usually follows mitosis ti create 2 cells. Plant - cell plate begins to form in telephase & complete during cytokinesis Animal cells - cleavage furrow forms in telephase |
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Binary fission (sexual reproduction) |
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What is the cell cycle control system and how do checkpoints play into this? |
1. Molecule in the cell that trigger & control events. 2. They control whether the cell stops or continues to divide. |
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What is a cyclin and what does it activate? |
It is a protein that activates kinases that drive the cell cycle. Kinases- acts as an enzyme & speeds up the division. |
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What are CDK's? |
Are proteins that must be maintained at a constant level throughout the cell cycle. |
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What is a growth factor? |
Protein that stimulates other cells to divide. |
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What is a density-dependent inhibition? |
Crowded cells stop dividing |
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What is Anchorage dependence? |
To divide, they must be attached to something. |
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Transformation |
Process that converts a normal to a cancer cell |
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Benign tumor |
•Do not cause serious problems. •Abnormall cells that stay at original sight. |
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Malignant tumor |
Becomes invasive enough to impair function of one or more organs. |
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Metastasis |
Spread of cancer cells to locations away from the original site. |
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Cancer cells |
They are no subject to cell cycle controls. They do not exhibit density dependent inhibition. When they stop dividing they do so randomly during the cell cycle. |
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Compare & contrast asexual and sexual reproduction |
Asexual - creates clones/ always one parent Sexual - genetic varieties include egg and sperm/ can be 1 or 2 parent. |
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Somatic cell |
Body cell |
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Karotype |
Picture of chromosomes arranged in homologous pairs |
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Homologous chromosomes |
Chromosomes carrying gene from the same traits |
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Sex chromosome |
Determine gender & 2 or 1 chromosomes pair normally. Female xx, Male xy |
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Autosomes |
Determine everything else |
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Diploid cell |
2 sets of chromosomes & represented by 2n |
