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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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light microscopes and what do you see under them
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visible light is passed through and then glass lenses refract (bend) the light
--organelles |
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magnification
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ratio of an object's image to its real size
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resolution
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measure of the clarity of the image
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ultrastructure
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a cell's anatomy as revealed by an electron microscope
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SEM and TEm
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sem=surface
tem=internal intrastructure |
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cell fractionation
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the disruption of a cell and separation of its organelles by centrifugation
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cytology and biochemstiry
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complement each other in correlationg cellular structure and function
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what do all eukarytoic cells have in common with prokayrotic
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--bounded by a plasma membrane and the membrane is a semifluid substance
--cytosol: where organelles are found --contain chromosomes --have ribosomes |
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what is the major difference of eukarytoic cells and prokaryotic
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--chromosomes of eukaryotic are located in the nucleus
--in prokayrotic they are concentrated in the nucleoid -the enter region between nuclelus and plasma membrane in eukaryotic is the cytoplasm |
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what is the general aspect of structure that relates to function
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size
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smallest cells
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mycoplasmas
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plasma membrane function
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serves as a selective barrier that allows sufficient passage of oxygen, nutrients and wastes to service the entire volume of the cell
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what do biological membranes consist of
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double layer phospholipids and other lipids
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pore complex
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intricate protein that lines each pore and regulates hte entry and exiit of certain macromoluecules and particles
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nuclear lamina
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except at the pores, the nuclear side of the envelop is lined wiht this netlike array of protein filaments that maintains the shape of the nucleus by mechanically supporting the nuclear envelop
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nuclear matrix
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a framework of fibers extending throughout the nuclear interior
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chromatin
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the complex of dna and proteins that make up a eukaroytic chromosomes. when the cell is not dividing, chromatin exists as a mass of very long thin fibers
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nucleolus
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appear through the electron microscope as a mass of densely strained ganules and fibers adjoining at the part of the chromatin
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cells that have a high rate of protein syntehsis have a high rate of what
and whats an example |
ribosomes
pancreas |
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what do both nucleoli and ribosomes have
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not enclosed in membranes
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free ribosomes and examples
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suspended in the cytosol
enzymes that catalyze the first step of sugar breakdown |
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bound ribosomes (ex)
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attached to ER or nuclear envelop
--cells that specialize in protein secretion--for instance, the cells of the pancreas that secrete digestive enzymes--frequently have a high proportion of bound ribosomes |
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what does the ER consist of
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a network of membranous tubules and sacs called cisternae
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what does the ER do
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separates the internal component of the ER, called the lumen (cavity) or cisternal space, from the cytosol
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4 things about the smooth er
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--synthesiszes lipids
--metabolizes carbs ---stores calcium --detoxifies poison |
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4 things about rough ER
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--has bound ribosomes
--produces proteins and membranes, which are distrubuted by transport vesibles --is a membrane factory for the cell --phosholipid itself is made in the ER |
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what are most secretary proteins
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glycoproteins...proteins that have carbs covalently bonded to them
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what does the golgi do
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center of manufacturing, warehousing, sorting and shipping. especially extensive with secreting cells
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what are the two pols of th gogli stack referred to
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the cis face (receiving)
--located near the ER and the trans face (shipping) |
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transport vesicles
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move materials from the ER to the golgi. a vesicle that buds from the
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