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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chromatin
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DNA + histone protein
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chromosomes
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DNA + histone proteins tight
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nucleolus
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site of ribosome synthesis and rRNA
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ribosomes
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protein synthesis
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Endoplasmic Reticulum
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tubes connects to plasma membrane and nuclear membrane
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smooth ER
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helps synthesize lipids, phopholipids, steroids, converts glycogen to glucose, detoxifies drugs and poisens, stores ca+2 ions
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rough ER
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make protein for secretion and makes membranes
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Golgi Apparatus
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produces modifies and pack cell productus cis face to trans face
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lysosome
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hydrolytic enzymes for intracellural and intercellular (organelles) digestion and cell destruction
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vacuoles
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food, contractile and central
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peroxisomes
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enzymes produce peroxide to detoxify poisons
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mitochondria
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uses NRG from org molecules to produce NRG
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Plastids
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amyloplasts, chromoplasts, and choloroplasts
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Cytoskeleten
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structural support
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microtubles
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centrioles and cilia and flagella
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microfilaments
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solic rods of actin and myosin for mucle contraction
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cell walls
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protects, maintains shape and prevents cytolysis *plasmodesmata channels
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Extracellual Matrix
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glycoproteins communication through chemical signals
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lipid bilayer selective permeability
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regulates the type and rate of molecular traffic into and out of cell
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transport proteins
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integral proteins which transport specific molecule thru a hydrophilic channel or physically move them (facilitate diffusion)
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Passive transport
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diffusion from high to low [] and osmosis
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osmotic pressure
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measure tendency of solution to take up water
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crenate
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animal cell shrivels
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lyse
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animal cells burst
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plasmolysis
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cell body of plants shrinks
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dialysis
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movement of sulutes thru a semi-permeable membrane
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active transport
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pumping of solutes against gradient need NRG
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Electrogenic pump
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transport protein that generates voltage accross a membrane ex. Na-K pump, proton pump, Ca++ pump
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membrane potential
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voltage on membrane cause -ions and +ions
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Na+-K+
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ATP powers conformations change from Na+ to K+ receptive
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cotransport
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a ATP powered pump actively transports one solute and indirectly drives the transport of other solutes against their concentration gradients
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Exocytosis
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vesicle fuses w/ plasma membrane releasing its contents
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3 types of endocytosis
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phagocytosis (solids), pinocytosis (liquids), receptor mediated endocytosis w/ a specific receptor
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Respiration
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enzyme driven, catabolic reactions, stored chem NRG released, make ATP, redox reactions
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3 stages of respiration
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glycolysis, Krebs cycle, electron transport (oxidative phophorlation)
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What are the main NRG carriers in respiration?
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NADH, FADH2, ATP
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