Ap Bio;; Chem Unit [Part Two]

Front 1

polar molecule

Back 1

water is an example.
it simply means that opposite ends of the molecule have opposite charges.

Front 2

water is very fragile when it is in its _____ form because ___________?

Back 2

a. liquid
b. it is constantly reconnecting and sepretaing and building new bonds.

--water is one of the most structured liquids because of it.

Front 3

cohesion

Back 3

its when hydrogen holds the substance together.

Front 4

adhesion

Back 4

the clinging of a substance to another.

Front 5

how do cohension and adhesion help a plant move water from the ground, to up its stems?

Back 5

cohesion helps the water getsucked up by the plant, and adhesion is what allowsthe water to be pulled upwards.

Front 6

surface tension

Back 6

related to cohesion.

a measure of how difficult it is to break or stretch the surface of a liquid. Water has a greater surface tension then most liquids. Between water and air, theere is a cumulitaive amount of hydrogen bonds that act like a layer over the water.

--this explains why some bugs can walk on water.

Front 7

kinetic energy.

Back 7

the energy of motion. anything that moves has kinetic energy.

Front 8

heat

Back 8

is the measure of the total amount fo kinetic energy depending on the motion of water.

Front 9

temperature

Back 9

is the AVERAGE kinetic energy that explains the intensity of heat. basically measures the avarage amount of heat in a substance.

Front 10

temperature always travels from _____ to ____ until both are equal.

Back 10

hot to cold.

Front 11

specific heat

Back 11

is the amount of heat required for a one gram of substance to change temperature by one celcius.

Front 12

heat/rate of evaporation

Back 12

is the amount of heat that it takes to get one one gram of water to turn into gas.

Front 13

evaporative cooling

Back 13

aftyer the top layer of the water evaporates, the new layer is much colder. this is because what evaporated was the hottest molecules, so the molecules that are left are naturally cooler.

Front 14

solution

Back 14

something that is entireley homogeous.

Front 15

solvent

Back 15

this is the dissolving agent, what makes something disoolve

Front 16

solute

Back 16

substance being dissolved.

Front 17

aqueous solution

Back 17

a solution in which water is the solvent.

Front 18

hydration shell

Back 18

this is the sphere around each dissolved ion.

Front 19

hydrophillic

Back 19

water-loving molecules.

Front 20

colloid

Back 20

oddly enough, not all hydrophillic molecules can be dissolved by water. some are too large and end up just floating within the substance, and they are called COLLOIDS-- the stable suspension of fine particles within a liquid.

Front 21

molarity

Back 21

number of moles of solute per liter of solution.

this is the unti of concentration most used by biologists.

Front 22

hydrogen ion

Back 22

these are pretty rare and are made when hydrogen bons randomly break and tear parts if each other off. the part that took one bit of the other then becomes hydrogen ion with the charge of +1 and the one that lost the electron is now -1.

the one that is +1 is called Hydronium Ion

the one that is now -1 is called Hydroxide Ion.

Front 23

dissasociation

Back 23

thats what happens when a hydrogen bond splits and creates ions. really rare and reversible.

Front 24

acid vs base.

Back 24

and acid increase hydrogen ions, while a base reduces the amount of them.