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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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magnification
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how much larger the object appears compared to its size
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resolving power
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a measure of the clarity of the image; the minimum distance two points can be separated and still be distinguished as two separate points
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light microscope
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visible light is passed through the specimen and then through glass lenses
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scanning electron microscope
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useful for detailed study of the surface of the specimen; great depth of field; 3D
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transmission electron microscope
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uses electromagnets as lenses to focus and magnify the image by bending the trajectories of the charged elctrons
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cell fractionation
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objective is to take cells apart, separating the major oranelles so that their individual functions can be studied
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cytoplasm
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the entire region between the nucleus and the membrane bounding the cell
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cytosol
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the semifluid medium that makes up the cytoplasm
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nucleus
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contains most of the genes that control the cell
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nuclear envelope
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encloses the nucleus, separating its contents from the rest of the cell
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chromatin
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what the DNA is organized along with proteins
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chromosome
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a long, threadlike association of genes in the nucleus of all eukaryotic cells
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nucleolus
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a specialized structure inside the nucleus, formed by various chromosomes
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ribosome
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the sites where the cell assembles proteins, found in rough ER
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endomembrane system
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membranes that are relatedeither through direct physical continuity or by transfer by vesicles
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vesicles
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circular membrane enclosed sacs that transfer things
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endoplasmic reticulum
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consists of a network of membranous tubules and sacs called cisternae
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smooth ER
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lacks ribosomes
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rough ER
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has ribosomes
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Golgi Body
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the center of manufacturing, warehousing, sorting, and shipping
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cis face
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recieves vesicles from the ER
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trans face
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transports vesicles to other parts of cell
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lysosomes
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a membrane enclosed sac of hydrolytic enzyme the cell used to digest macromolecules
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phagocytosis
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how many protists eat by engulfing smaller organisms or other food particles
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magrophages
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an amoeboid cell that moves through tissue fibers, engulfing bacteria by phagocytosis
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food vacuole
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fuses with a lysosome for digestion
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contractile cacuole
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pump excess water out of the cell
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central vacuole
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mature plant cells have a large one
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tonoplast
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a membrane that encloses the central vacuole
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peroxisome
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a specialized metabolic compartment bounded by a single membrane; not budded from the endomembrane system
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mitochondria
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the sites of cellular respiration, convert energy to forms the cell can use
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intermembrane space
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narrow region in the mitochrondia between the inner and outer membranes
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mitochondrial matrix
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compartment in the mitochondria enclosed by the inner space
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plastid
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a member of a family of closely related plant organelles
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amyloplast
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colorless plastids that store starch, in roots and tubers
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chromoplast
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enriched in pigments that five fruits and flowers orange and yellow hues
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chloroplast
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found only in plants and algae, sites of photosynthesis
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thylakoid
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flattened sacs inside the chloroplast's membranous system
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thylakoid space
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a compartment dividing the interior of the chloroplast, not the stroma
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grana
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where some thylakoids are stacked like poker chips
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stroma
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the fluid outside the thylakoids
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cytoskeleton
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the network of fibers throughout the cytoplasm
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microtubules
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thickest type of three fibers of the cytoskeleton
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microfilaments
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thinnest tubes of the cytoskeleton
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intermediate filaments
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collection of bigers whose diameters fall in the middle range; cytoskeleton
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centriole
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composed of nine sets of triplet microtubules arranged in a ring
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cilia
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locomotive appendage that usually occur in large numbers on the cell surface
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flagella
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locomotive appendage that generates force in the same direction as its axis
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dynein
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motor molecule that makes of the arms, very large protein
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actin
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make up filaments of microfilaments
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myosin
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protein in microfilaments that interdigate the parallel actin filaments
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basal body
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anchors the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum
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