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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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suspension feeding
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sifting food from water
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substrate feeding
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living in/on the food
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fluid feeding
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sucking nutrient-rich fluid from a living host.
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bulk feeding
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most animal's feeding when things are eaten in large pieces.
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satiety center
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piece of brain that controls hunger.
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leptin
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hormone produced by adipose tissue (fat) that signals as levels of fat increase to tell the brain that it is full.
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PYY
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hormone appetitie suppresant from small intestine.
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insulin
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hormone that signals a rise in blood sugar and supresses appetite. secreted by the pancreas.
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Gherlin
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triggers hunger from the brain from the stomach.
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fat soluable
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vitamins that dissolve in fat.
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water soluable
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vitamins that dissolve in water.
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ingestion
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eating/consuming food.
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digestion
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the break down of food
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absorbtion
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uptake of food into body's cells.
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elimination
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passage out of the digestive compartment (of food)
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extracellular digestion
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breakdown of food out of the cells.
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intracellular digestion
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digestion of food (endocytosis) by the cells in the vacuoles.
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gastrocascular cavity
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simple digestion/distribution of nutrients compartment.
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complete digestive tract/ alimentary canal
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digestive tract (whole thing)
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accessory glands
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pancreas, liver, and gall bladder that secretes digestive juices (Salivary glands)
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salivary glands
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liver, pancreas, gall bladder
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peristalsis
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rythmic muscle contractions in the wall of the alimentary canal.
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sphincters
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rings of the canal that can close to regulate passage.
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salivary amylase
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enzyme which hydrolyzes starch and glycogen.
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bolus
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tounge shapes the food into this ball to swallow.
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water soluable
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vitamins that dissolve in water.
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ingestion
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eating/consuming food.
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digestion
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the break down of food
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absorbtion
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uptake of food into body's cells.
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elimination
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passage out of the digestive compartment (of food)
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water soluable
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vitamins that dissolve in water.
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ingestion
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eating/consuming food.
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digestion
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the break down of food
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absorbtion
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uptake of food into body's cells.
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elimination
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passage out of the digestive compartment (of food)
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pharynx
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throat complex
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trachea
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wind pipe that uses peristalsis for movement.
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gastric juice
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converts a meal into acid chyme
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acid chyme
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nutrient-rich broth that is easilly absorbed
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pepsin
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enzyme that hydrolyzes food and is secreted as inactive PEPSINOGEN and activated when combined with hydrochloric acid.
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duodenum
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where acid chyme mixes with digestive juices from pancreas/liver/gall bladder in the small intestine.
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proteases
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enzymes that digest proteins and activate in duodenum
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bile
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helps fat absorbtion/digestion.
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brush border
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epithelial lining of small intestine
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villi
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increasing surface area, these are the large outcroppings in the small intestine.
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microvilli
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covering the villi, these also increase surface area for absorbtion in the small intestine.
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lacteal
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small lymphatic system in the villi
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chylomicrons
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globular structures with fats that are absorbed in the bloodstream/lymph system.
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hepatic portal vein
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blood vessel leading directly to the liver.
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cesum
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pouch where large intestine and small intestine join.
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appendix
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human cesum
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rectum
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where the colon/large intestine stores feces before elimination.
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ruminants
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most elaborate adaptation for digestion. includes cows/ sheep/deer.
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trachea
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the pathway in the pharynx down to the lungs.
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epiglottis
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the flap of skin that keeps the trachea and the esophagus seperate.
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esophageal sphincter
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the opening/closing mechanism of the esophagus
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cardiac orfice
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the opening of the esophagus into the stomach.
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pyloric sphincter
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the opeining of the stomach to the small intestine.
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leptin
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hormone secreted by adipose tissue as an appetite suppressant.
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insulin
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hormone secreted by the pancreas as a suppresant.
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PYY
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hormone secreted by the small intestine as a suppressant
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Ghrelin
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hormone secreted by the stomach as an appetite stimulant.
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normal blood sugar
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90 mg.
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glycogen
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stored in the liver and muscle for energy.
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glucagon
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hormone used to access glygogen in the liver.
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salivary amylase
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enzyme in the saliva secreted by the salivary glands.
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pancreatic amylase
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secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine. enzyme for digestion.
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pepsin
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catabolic enzyme in the stomach to break down proteins (primary breakdown)
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pancreatic tripsin
chymotrypsin |
enzymes secreted by the pancreas into the lumen of the small intestine to digest proteins.
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Pancreatic carboxypeptidase
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enzyme secreted into the lumen of the small intestine by the pancreas that digests individual amino acids.
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dipeptidase
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enzyme secreted by the small intestine to digest smaller peptide groups of amino acids.
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carboxypeptidase
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enzyme secreted by the small intestine to break down carboxyl groups of amino acids.
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aminopeptidase
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enzyme secreted by the small intestine to break down amine groups of amino acids.
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bile
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secreted by the liver, stored in the gall bladder, and sent into the small intestine to break down fats.
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pancreatic lipase
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breaks down fats further so that they can come together with proteins to enter the lymph system.
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pancreatic nuclease
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secreted by the pancreas into the lumen of the small intestine to digest DNA.
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nucleotidases and phosphatases
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further digest DNA in the epithelial lining of the small intestine.
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