Ap Bio (Chapter 24 - Evolution And Reproduction)

Front 1

specification

Back 1

origin of new species.

Front 2

evolutionary theory

Back 2

explains how new species originate/evolve

Front 3

macroevolution

Back 3

above species level

Front 4

microevoltuion

Back 4

within one population

Front 5

anagenesis

Back 5

phyletic evolution where one species gives way to another species.

Front 6

cladogenesis

Back 6

branching evolution where the gene pool splits into one or more species.

Front 7

biological species concept

Back 7

members of a biological species are reproductively compatible paternally. cannot breed with other populations.

Front 8

reproductive isolation

Back 8

exsitance of barriers or factors that impede species from producing viable, fertile offspring.

Front 9

prezybotic barrier

Back 9

impedes mating before zygote is formed.

Front 10

habitat isolation

Back 10

a prezygotic barrier where two organisms are in different areas and therefore do not mate.

Front 11

temporal isolation

Back 11

prezygotic reproductive barrier that includes different breeding schedules

Front 12

behavioral isolation

Back 12

prezygotic reproductive barrier that makes the courtship rituals different.

Front 13

mechanical isolation

Back 13

prezygotic barrier, but post-mating that means the organisms appear differently and therfore cannot mate.

Front 14

gametic isolation

Back 14

prezygotic, post-mating barrier that makes the gametes non-compatible.

Front 15

post zygotic barriers

Back 15

reproductive barriers after the zygote is formed.

Front 16

reduced viability

Back 16

post-zygotic barrier when genes interact badly.

Front 17

Reduced hybrid fertility

Back 17

post-zygotic barrier where offspring are not fertile and therefore not fit.

Front 18

hybrid breakdown

Back 18

post-zygotic barrier where F2 generation and future generations are feeble and sterile. this is not quick but over several generations.

Front 19

morphological species concept

Back 19

species concept defined by structures.

Front 20

paleontological species concept

Back 20

species concept where morphologically discrete species are known only by the fossil record.

Front 21

ecological species concept

Back 21

species concept in terms of nieche.

Front 22

phylogenetic species concept

Back 22

species concept where set of organisms with unique genetic history are connected.

Front 23

allopatric specitation

Back 23

where the population is geographically divided, leading to reproductive isolation.

Front 24

sympatric specitation

Back 24

"same country" specitation where the populations are geographically overlapping

Front 25

polyploidy

Back 25

where a species has extra sets of chromosomes in division accidents.

Front 26

autopolyploid

Back 26

more than 2 sets of chromosomes

Front 27

allopolyploid

Back 27

multiple sets of chromosomes.

Front 28

adaptive radiation

Back 28

evolution of diversly adapted species from common ancestor with the introduction of new enviromental opportunities.

Front 29

punctuated equilibrium

Back 29

periods of stasis punctuated by change (in evolution)

Front 30

heterochrony

Back 30

evolutionary change in rate or timing of developmental events.

Front 31

allometric growth

Back 31

proportioning that gives body specific form.

Front 32

paedomorphosis

Back 32

reproductive development goes up while somatic development goes down, leaving a more juvinile or fetal looking organism.

Front 33

spatial pattern

Back 33

genes that control placement and organization of the body.

Front 34

homoetic genes

Back 34

spatial pattern genes (control placement and ogranization)

Front 35

hox genes

Back 35

homoetic/spatial pattern genes that form fish fins and vertebre limbs.

Front 36

species selection model

Back 36

trends where species endure longer and specitate more often than those with other characteristics. (not neccesarily better)

Front 37

parapatric specitation

Back 37

specitation where an adjacent nieche forms and the populations become noncompatible.