Ap Bio (Chapter 23 - Population Evolution)

Front 1

microevolution

Back 1

change in genetic makeup.

Front 2

population genetics

Back 2

study of how a population changes over time.

Front 3

population

Back 3

localized group of interbreeding individuals.

Front 4

gene pool

Back 4

aggragate genes of a population.

Front 5

hardy weinberg theorem

Back 5

if a population is not evolving alleles will remain the same.

Front 6

hardy weinberg equillibrium

Back 6

population is predictable and stable.
p2+2pq+q2 = 1

Front 7

point mutations

Back 7

change in one base in the nucleotide sequence.

Front 8

gene duplication

Back 8

genetic variation by duplication of gene sequences.

Front 9

genetic drift

Back 9

fluxuations of gene sfrom one generation to the next = unpredictable. reduces genetic variation.

Front 10

bottleneck effect

Back 10

a type of genetic drift in which a sudden change in the enviroment greatly decreases genetic diversity.

Front 11

founder effect

Back 11

a type of genetic drift in which a few members of a population leave and establish new gene pool not reflective of source.

Front 12

gene flow

Back 12

population may gain or loose alleles making population less different than another population.

Front 13

discrete characters

Back 13

either or characters of natural selection.

Front 14

quantitative characters

Back 14

characters that vary along a continuum such as height, and are influenced by various alleles at different loci.

Front 15

polymorphism

Back 15

different individuals called "morphs" that change in a population.

Front 16

phenotypic polymorphism

Back 16

two or more distinct morphs are readily noticable.

Front 17

genetic polymorphism

Back 17

alleles at several loci influence morphs such as height.

Front 18

average heterozygosity

Back 18

average loci are heterozygous.

Front 19

geographic variation

Back 19

differences in gene pools of seperate populations or subgroups.

Front 20

cline

Back 20

graded change in a trait on a geographical axis.

Front 21

fitness

Back 21

the contribution of an individual to the gene pool relative to the other contributions.

Front 22

relative fitness

Back 22

contribution of a genotype to the next generation compared to the alternatives.

Front 23

directional selection

Back 23

in migration or change, some are favored that are not average. the line is "shifted" in one direction or another.

Front 24

disruptive selection

Back 24

the extremes or recessive genotypes are favored.

Front 25

stabilizing selection

Back 25

selects average phenotype, taking out the extremes.

Front 26

heterozygote advantage

Back 26

when the heterozygote is at an advantage and homozygous individuals are 'weeded out'

Front 27

frequency dependant selection

Back 27

morph declines if too popular.

Front 28

neutral variation

Back 28

little or no impact variation

Front 29

pseudogenes

Back 29

genes inacivated by mutation

Front 30

sexual dimorphism

Back 30

differences in sexes not directly associated with sex.

Front 31

intrasexual selection

Back 31

selection "within sex" with direct competition, mostly between males.

Front 32

inttersexual selection

Back 32

mate choice when, mostly, a female selects a male.

Front 33

reproductive handicap of sex

Back 33

males can't reproduce, so there are less offspring after a few generations.

Front 34

divergence

Back 34

when a common anscestor gives way to many other species.

Front 35

convergence

Back 35

varied linneages that evolved similar structures.