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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chromatin
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dna-protin compelex
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histones
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protins in first level of DNA packaging that are shaped like jacks.
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nucleosome
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"beads on a string" with linking DNA between histones with DNA wrapped around it.
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heterochromatin
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chromatin that is more compact and more or less unreadable. before division.
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euchromatin
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chromatin less compact known as "true chromatin" that is used to read.
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cell differentiation
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specialization in form/function of cell.
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differential gene expression
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differences between cell types because different genes are expressed.
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histone acetylation
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acetyl groups (-COCH3) are attached to positively charged lysmes and acetylated histones cause chromosomes to 'uncompact' for transcription.
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DNA methylation
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adding methyl groups to certain DNA bases to inactivate DNA.
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genomic imprinting
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acetylation or methylation to express or quiet certain genes.
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epigenic inheritance
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inheritance of trains transmitted not only by nucleotide sequences.
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control elements
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segemnts of noncoding DNA that bind certain proteins to begin transcription.
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transcription factors
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proteins that start the transcription process.
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enhancers
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control elemtents of transcription found more distantly upstream.
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proximal control elements
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control emlements for transcription found closer to the acutal transcription sequence.
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activator
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protein that binds to an enhancer and stimulates transcription.
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micro RNA (miRNAs)
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`bind to complementary sequences in mRNA molecules and cuts up mRNA.
acts as translation regulator. |
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RNA interferance (RNAi)
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inhibition of RNA gene with small interfering RNA.
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proteasomes
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giant protein complexes that recognize ubiquitin-tagged protein molecules to disinegrate them.
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oncogens
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cancer-causing genes in retroviruses
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proto-oncogens
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code for proteins that stimulate normal cell growth and division.
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tumor-supressing genes
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genes whose products inhibit cell division.
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P53 gne
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saves gene mutations and halts cell cycle to repair problems or activates "suicide" apoptosis.
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retrotransposones
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move by RNA intermediate and reverse transcriptase to move in DNA.
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multigene families
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identical or very similar genes in genome.
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pseudogenes
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nonfunctional nucleotide sequences similar to functional genes.
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globins
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oxygen-binding proteins.
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