Ap Bio (Chapter 10 - Photosynthesis

Front 1

autotrophs

Back 1

self-feeders

Front 2

chlorophyll

Back 2

green pigmintation in the thylakoid membrane.

Front 3

mesophyll

Back 3

chloroplasts are found in this tissue in the interior of a leaf.

Front 4

stomata

Back 4

where O2 exits the leaf. closes in C4 and CAM plants.

Front 5

stoma

Back 5

dense fluid inside chloroplasts between the thylakoid and membrane.

Front 6

thylakoid

Back 6

elaborate, interconnected sacs.

Front 7

thylakoid space

Back 7

inside sacs.

Front 8

grana (granum - singular)

Back 8

stacks of thylakoid.

Front 9

general formula

Back 9

CO2 + 2H2X = [CH2O] + H2O + 2X

Front 10

NADPH

Back 10

electron carrier in plant photosynthesis.

Front 11

Carbon Fixation

Back 11

using CO2 to combine with organic molecule in chloroplast.

Front 12

Wavelength

Back 12

distance between crests.
red = 700
violet = 500

Front 13

spectrometer

Back 13

measures what wavelengths of light are absorbed.

Front 14

absorbtion spectrum

Back 14

graph plotting light absorbtion

Front 15

action spectrum

Back 15

graphs effectiveness of different wavelengths.

Front 16

carotenoids

Back 16

hydrocarbons with various shades. accessory pigments. photoprotective

Front 17

chlorophyl A

Back 17

main plant pigment.

Front 18

photosystems

Back 18

light-harvesting complex

Front 19

reaction center

Back 19

pigment molecule (chlorophyl A molecules and primary electron acceptor)

Front 20

Photosystem II - Photosystem I

Back 20

light reactions of photosynthesis take place here. 2 photostreams connected by an electron transport chain.

Front 21

P680

Back 21

reaction center of Photosystem II (absorbtion wavelength)

Front 22

P700

Back 22

reaction center of Photosystem I (absorbtion wavelength)

Front 23

Noncyclic electron flow

Back 23

uses both photosystems and creates ATP, NADPH and O2

Front 24

NADP+ Reductase

Back 24

enzyme complex at the end of the ETC in Photosystem I.

Front 25

Cyclic Electron Flow

Back 25

phostosystem I only. Only generates ATP and, because the Calvin Cycle uses more ATP than NADPH, it makes up the difference in molecules.

Front 26

Anabolic

Back 26

pathway that builds

Front 27

Calvin Cycle products

Back 27

produces Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3P)
3CO2

Front 28

Calvin Cycle Phase 1

Back 28

CARBON FIXATION
carbon is binded to RuBP using an enzyme. unstable product splits in half to make 2 3-phosphoglycerate (per CO2)

Front 29

Calvin Cycle Phase 2

Back 29

REDUCTION
3-P receives a phosphate from ATP and electrons from NADPH. makes G3P.

Front 30

Rubsico

Back 30

enzyme that catalyzes the carbon fixation to RuBP. the most abundant enzyme on earth.

Front 31

Calvin Cycle Phase 3

Back 31

REGENERATION of CO2 ACCEPTOR
3ATP are used to create 3 RuBP.

Front 32

C3 plants

Back 32

use rubisco in carbon fixation. normal calvin cycle.

Front 33

Photorespiration

Back 33

uses O2 when there is too much. decreses photosynthetic output but helps plant gain nitrate.

Front 34

C4 plants

Back 34

carbon fixation happens in bundle-sheath cells and calvin cycle in mesophyll cells. uses a different enzyme to first create an organic acid. sugar cane and corn = examples.

Front 35

PEP carboxylase

Back 35

enzyme in C4 plants that first fixes the carbon in an organic acid.

Front 36

CAM plants

Back 36

water storing plants that open stomata during the night and close during the day. carbon fixation happens in the night to an organic acid and then, during the day, the calvin cycle takes place. all in mesophyll cells.
(Crassulaceam Acid Metabolism)