Ap Bio Chap. 4

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

Smallest unit that shows properties of life.: Capacity for metabolism, homeostasis, growth, and reproduction.

All have Plasma membrane, DNA and cytoplasm

Front 2

Eukaryotic Cell

Back 2

Has nucleus

Front 3

Prokaryotic Cell

Back 3

Simplest cell- no nucleus

Front 4

Plasma Membrane

Back 4

cell's outer membrane. Allows things to cross and separates metabolic activity.

Front 5

Nucleus

Back 5

Double membraned SAc holds DNA

Front 6

Nucleoid

Back 6

IN prokaryotic cells, DNA in this region

Front 7

Cytoplasm

Back 7

semifluid mixture of water, sugars, ions, and proteins between plasma membrane and region of DNA

Front 8

Ribosomes

Back 8

structures on whihc proteins are built.

Front 9

Lipid Bilayer

Back 9

double layer of lipids organized so that that they repel each other- structural foundation of cell membranes.

Front 10

Cell Wall

Back 10

surrounds the plasma membrane of nearly all prokaryotes

Front 11

Flagella

Back 11

Slender cellular structures used for motion

Front 12

pili

Back 12

protein filaments projected from surface helps move along surfaces

Front 13

biofilms

Back 13

communal arrangements in whihc single celled organisms live in a shared mass of slime

Front 14

Organelle

Back 14

A structure that carries out a specific function inside a cell

Front 15

Nuclear envelope

Back 15

Membrane of the nucleus- 2 lipid bilayers folded together as 1

Front 16

Nuceolus

Back 16

dense, irregularly shaped region where subunits of ribosomes are assembled from proteins and RNA

Front 17

nucleoplasm

Back 17

Vicious fluid similar to cytoplasm

Front 18

Chromatin

Back 18

Name for all the DNA with its associated proteins, in the nucleus.

Front 19

chromosome

Back 19

EAch molecle of DNA with its attached proteins

Front 20

Endomembrane system

Back 20

series of intercting organelles between the nucleus and the plasma membrane- many functions

Front 21

Endoplasmic reticulum

Back 21

Extension of the Nuclear envelope- rough and smooth ER's.

Front 22

Vesicles

Back 22

Small membrane enclosed, saclike organelles- transport substances from one organelle to another

Front 23

Peroxisomes

Back 23

contain enzymes that digest fatty acids and amino acids- type of vesicle

Front 24

Vacuoles

Back 24

trash cans. dispose of unwanted materials.

Front 25

Golgi Body

Back 25

like a waste management facility. All waste taken here, and then reshipped off

Front 26

Lysosome

Back 26

Vesicles that contain powerful digestive enzymes- carry unwanted materials

Front 27

Mitochondrian

Back 27

Makes ATP- 2 membranes. only eukaryotes have. - Endosymbiosis

Front 28

Plastids

Back 28

organelles that functoin in photosynthesis. or storage

Front 29

Chloroplasts

Back 29

Specialized for photosnythesis.- plant cells.thykaloid membrane- pigments

Front 30

Central Vacuole

Back 30

water filled areas for cell wastes in plant cells

Front 31

Primary wall

Back 31

1st thin, pliable wall of plant cells.

Front 32

Secondary wall

Back 32

more matured secrete filled wall

Front 33

Cuticle

Back 33

protective body covering made of cell secretions

Front 34

Lignin

Back 34

complex polymer of alcohols that makes up to 25 % of secondary walls of cells in stems and roots.

Front 35

Extracellular matrix

Back 35

complex mixture of fibrous proteins and polysaccharides secretions.

Front 36

Cell Junctions

Back 36

Structures that connect a cell to other cells and environment

Front 37

Cytoskeleton

Back 37

Dynamic framework of protein filaments that structurally support,organize, and move eukaryotic cells and their internal structures.

Front 38

Microtubules

Back 38

ctoskeletal element involved in movement of cell or its components

Front 39

Microfilaments

Back 39

cytoskeletal element that helps strengthen or change the shape of a cell.

Front 40

Intermediate Filaments

Back 40

element that mechanically strengthens cell and tissue structures.

Front 41

Motor proteins

Back 41

when energized by ATP hydrolosis, interacts w/ cytoskeletal elements to move cell parts or whole cell.

Front 42

Eukaryotic flagella

Back 42

used for mobility.- whip from side to side

Front 43

cilia

Back 43

Short movable structure that projects from plasma membrane of certain eukaryotic cells

Front 44

Centriole

Back 44

Barrel shaped structure that has a rolein microtubule formation in cilia, flagella, and eukaryotic spindles

Front 45

Pseudopods

Back 45

dynamic lobe of membrane enclosed cytoplasm;