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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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5’ cap |
A modified form of guanine nucleotide added onto the nucleotide at the 5' end of a pre-mRNA molecule.
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Codon
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A three-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code. |
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Gene espression
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The process by which DNA directs the synthesis of proteins or, in some cases, just RNAs.
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mRNA
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A type of RNA, synthesized using a DNA template that attaches to ribosomes in the cytoplasm and specifies the primary structure of a protein.
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Poly-A tail
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A sequence of 50 to 250 adenine nucleotides added onto the 3' end of a pre-mRNA molecule.
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Primary transcript
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An initial RNA transcript; also called pre-mRNA when transcribed from a protein-coding gene.
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Promoter
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A specific nucleotide sequence in DNA that binds RNA polymerase, positioning it to start transcribing RNA at the appropriate place.
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Reading frame
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On an mRNA, the triplet grouping of ribonucleotides using by the translation machinery during polypeptide synthesis.
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Ribosomes |
A complex of rRNA and protein molecules that functions as a site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm; consists of a large and a small subunit. In eukaryotic cells, each subunit is assembled in a nucleolus.
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RNA polymerase
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An enzyme that links ribonucleotides into a growing RNA chain during transcription.
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RNA splicing
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After synthesis of a eukaryotic primary RNA transcript, the removal of portions (introns) of the transcript that will not be included in the mRNA. |
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TATA box
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A DNA sequence in eukaryotic promoters crucial in forming the transcription initiation complex.
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Template strand
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The DNA strand that provides the pattern, or template, for ordering the sequence of nucleotides in an RNA transcript.
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Terminator
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In bacteria, a sequence of nucleotides in DNA that marks the end of a gene and signals RNA polymerase to release the newly made RNA molecule and detach from the DNA.
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Transcription
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The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template.
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Transcription factors
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A regulatory protein that binds to DNA and affects transcription of specific genes. |
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Transcription initiation complex
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The completed assembly of transcription factors and RNA polymerase bound to a promoter.
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Transcription units
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A region of DNA that is transcribed into an RNA molecule.
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Translation
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The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule. There is a change of "language" from nucleotides to amino acids.
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Triplet code
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A set of three-nucleotide-long words that specific the amino acids for polypeptide chains. |
