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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell cycle
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the ordered sequence of events in the life of a eukaryotic cell
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cell division
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the reproduction of cells
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genome
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the entire genetic material of an organism
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somatic cell
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Any cell in a multicellular organisms excluding egg or sperm
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gametes
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Haploid cell, such as egg or sperm
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chromatin
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the complex of DNA and proteins that make up a eukaryotic chromosome
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cytokinesis
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division of the cytoplasm to produce two daughter cells
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centromere
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the centralized region joining two sister chromatids
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mitosis
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process of nuclear division
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mitotic phase (M)
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the phase of the cell cycle that includes mitosis and cytokinesis
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interphase
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The period of the cell cycle where the cell is not dividing
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G1 Phase
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First growth phase before mitosis
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S Phase
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DNA synthesis
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G2 Phase
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The second growth phase, after DNA synthesis
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Prophase
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The first stage of mitosis, where the chromatin condenses and the spindle fibers form
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Prometaphase
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Second stage of mitosis, which discrete chromosomes appear, the nuclear envelope fragments, and the spindle fibers attach to the kinetechore
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Metaphase
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Third phase/Chromosomes align on metaphase plate
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Anaphase
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Fourth phase/Chromosomes separated and move to opposite poles of the cell
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Telophase
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Fifth phase/Cleavage furrow forms
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Metaphase Plate
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Imaginary line where the centromeres of the chromosomes line up
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Cleavage Furrow
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shallow groove in cell surface
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Cell Plate
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double membrane where the new cell wall forms during cell cytokinesis
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Binary Fission
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prokaryotic reproduction
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G0 Phase
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a non-dividing state in which the cell has left the cell cycle
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Growth Factor
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Protein that must be present in the ECM for growth
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Mitotic Spindle
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An assemblage of microtubles and associated proteins that is involved in the movements of chromosomes during mitosis
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Kinetochore
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A specialized region on the centromere that link each sister chromatid to the mitotic spindle
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Metastasis
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The spread of cancer cells to locations distant from their original site
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Malignant Tumor
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a cancerous tumor that is invasive enough to impair the functions of one or more organs
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Benign Tumor
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A mass of abnormal cells that remains at the original site
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Transformation
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Conversion od a normal animal cell to a cancerous cell (change in genotype and phenotype due to assimilation of external DNA by the cell)
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Chromosomes
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Threadlike gene carrying structure in the cell's nucleus
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Sister Chromatids
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Replicated forms of a chromosome joined together by the centromere (and eventually separated)
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