Ap Bio

Front 1

Transforming principle

Back 1

harmless bacteria and rat experiment

Front 2

P04 group on

Back 2

5' end

Front 3

OH group on

Back 3

3' end

Front 4

bond between A + T

Back 4

double

Front 5

bond between G and C

Back 5

tripple

Front 6

purines

Back 6

A and G

Front 7

pyrimidines

Back 7

T and C

Front 8

helicase

Back 8

unwinds DNA

Front 9

single strand binding proteins

Back 9

stabilize unwound strands

Front 10

nucleosides

Back 10

original form of nucleotides

come with their own energy for bonding

Front 11

growth occurs

Back 11

5' to 3'

Front 12

leading strand

Back 12

3' to 5'

Front 13

lagging strand

Back 13

5' to 3'

Front 14

DNA polymerase III

Back 14

adds new nucleotides to leading and lagging strands

Front 15

RNA parimer

Back 15

start sequence for DNA Polymerase III

Front 16

DNA polymerase I

Back 16

removes sections of RNA primer and replaces then with DNA nucleotides

Front 17

telomeres

Back 17

repeating, non-coding sequences at the end of chromosomes (protective cap)

Front 18

telomerase

Back 18

enzyme extends telomeres

can add DNA bases at 5' end

Front 19

RNA Pollymerase 2

Back 19

transcribes genes into mRNA

Front 20

promoter region

Back 20

binding site before beginning of gene

Front 21

TATA box binding sight

Back 21

sequence of As and Ts that is a binding site for RNA polymerase and transcription factors

Front 22

enhancer region

Back 22

binding site far away upstream of genes

Front 23

exons

Back 23

real gene

Front 24

introns

Back 24

junk

Front 25

all transcription happens in

Back 25

the nucleus

Front 26

snRNPs

Back 26

small nuclear RNA

Front 27

spliceosomes

Back 27

several snRNPs

Front 28

GTP cap

Back 28

5'

Front 29

poly-A tail

Back 29

3' longer the tail the longer the mRNA lasts

Front 30

aminoacytl tRNA synthetase

Back 30

enzyme which bonds to amino acid to tRNA

Front 31

operon

Back 31

genes grouped together with related functions

Front 32

promoter

Back 32

RNA polymerase binding sight

Front 33

operator

Back 33

DNA binding sight of a repressor protein

Front 34

repressor protein

Back 34

bind to DNA at operator site

bond to RNA to be more easy going

Front 35

repressible operon

Back 35

synthesis pathway model

Front 36

inducible operon

Back 36

binds to lac repressor protein and triggers repressor to release proteins

Front 37

repressible operon

Back 37

functions in anabolic pathways

synthesis and products

Front 38

Inducible operons

Back 38

functions in catabolic pathways