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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a partial degration of sugars or other organic fuel that occurs without the use of oxygen
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fermentation
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the most prevalent and efficient catabolic pathway is ________, in which oxygen is consumed as a reactant along with the organic fuel.
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aerobic respiration
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includes both aerobic and anaerobic processes.
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cellular respiration
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In many chemical reactions, there is a transfer of one of more electrons from one reactant to another. these electron transfers are called ______.
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redox reactions
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In a redox reaction, the loss of electrons from one substance is called ______.
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oxidation
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the addition of electrons to another substance is known as
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reduction
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the electron donor is called the
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reducing agent
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the electron acceptor is called the
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oxidizing agent
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a coenzyme found in all living cells
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NAD+
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occurs in the cytosol, begins the degration process by breaking glucose into two molecules of a compound called pyruvate.
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glycolysis
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breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide happens in this cycle
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citric acid cycle
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a metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce ATP
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oxidative phosphorylation
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a smaller amount of ATP is formed directly in a few reactions of glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by a mechanism called ______.
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substrate-level phosphorylation
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upon entering the mitochondrion via active transport, pyruvate is first converted to a compound called ______.
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acetyl CoA
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most of the remaining electron carriers between ubiquinone and oxygen are proteins called _______.
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cytochromes
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the enzyme that actually makes ATP and ADP and inorganic phosphate.
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ATP synthase
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the movement of ions across a selectively permeable membrane, down their electrochemical gradient. OR the movement of hydrogen ions across a membrane during cellular respiration
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chemiosmosis
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the potential energy stored in the form of a proton electrochemical gradient, such as the flame bulb system of flatworms, consisting of a network of tubules lacking internal openings
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proton-motive force
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where pyruvate is converted to ethanol in two steps
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alcohol fermentation
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during this, pyruvate is reduced directly by NADH to form lactate as an end product, with no release of CO2.
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lactic acid fermentation
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