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67 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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stone age
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whole period of early human development
Paleolithic Lower, Middle, Upper Neolithic |
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Paleolithic
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"chipped stone age"
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Neolithic
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"new stone age"
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architecture
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enclosure of spaces with at least some aesthetic intent
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sculpture in the round
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self contained, 3 dimensional pieces
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relief sculpture
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the surrounding material is carved away, forming a background that sets off the figure
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sculpture
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30,000 BCE
Europe and Asia bone, ivory, stone and clay |
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memory image
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image that relies on the generic shapes and relationships that readily spring to mind at the mention of an object
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cave art
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28,000- 10,000 BCE
Upper paleolithic period -Altamira |
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shaman
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people thought to have special poweres, an ability to foretell events and assist their people through contact with spirits in the form of animals or birds
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modeling
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shaping
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high relief
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extends well forward from the background plane
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rock shelter art
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mesolithic
6000 BCE Northern spain distinctive art combining geometric forms and schematic images wiht depictions of people and animals engaged in everyday activities abstract style more than a record of daily life bc so accessible |
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ridge pole
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long horizontal beam against which the slanting roof poles were braced
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wattle and daub
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branches woven in a basketlike pattern, then covered with mud or clay
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corbeling
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when each layer prohects slightly inward over the one below
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corbel vault
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inward sloping walls come together at the top
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post-and-lintel construction
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two or more vertial elementsd are used to support a bridging horizontal one
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megalithic architecture
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large stone architechture
testifies to a more complex, stratified society both practical and symbolic function |
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dolmen
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simplest type of megalithic tomb
built on post-and-lintel principle |
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menhirs
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single vertical megaliths
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cromlechs
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circular patterns of menhirs
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alignments
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straight rows of menhirs
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henge
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circle of stones or posts, often surounded by a ditch with built-up embarkments
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stonehenge
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largest henge from neolithic period
four major building phases btw 2750 and 1500 BCE |
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mortise-and-tenon joints
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a conical projection from one piece fitting into a hole in the next
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neolithic sculpture and ceramics
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menhir statues
3500-2000 BCE elements of human figure reduced to near-geometric forms were incised on all four sides of a single upright block mixed clay with other materials to create entirely new materials |
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bronze
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alloy of tin and copper
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earthworks
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ex. embankments fortifying their cities
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openwork
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when space is worked into pattern
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lamassus
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extraordinary guardian-protectors of palaces and throne rooms
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cuneiform
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wedge-shaped
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ziggurats
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stepped pyramid structures with a temple or shrine on top
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hieratic scale
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when size is associated with importance
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stylized
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do not conform to natural appearences
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votive figures
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images dedicated to the gods
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iconography
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the narrative and allegorical meaning
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incised
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cut
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stele
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upright stone slab
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monumental
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gives the impression of grandeur
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power centers
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eyes, head, smoothly muscled chest and arms
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murals
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large paintings or decorations affixed directly to the wall
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crenellations
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notches
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Nebuchandenzzar
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most famous Neo-Babylonian ruler
605-562 BCE great patron of architecture transformed babylon into one of most splendid cities of its day |
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glazed
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film of glass placed over bricks and fired
process used since 1600 BCE |
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roundel
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small circular motif
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grid
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system of crossed lines
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gold leaf
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sheets of hammered gold
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Elam
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fertile plane between the Tigris River and the Zagros Mountains to the East (in present day Iran)
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Altamira
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northern spain
cave paintings 12,500 BCE paleolithic created sculptural effects by painting the bodies of their naimals over and around natural irregularities in the cave's walls and ceilings |
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Lascaux
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southern france
15,000- 13,000 BCE palelithic most complex cave paintings most characteristic features emphasized full of life and energy unusual bc includes human feautres and seems to tell a story - depicts vision of a shaman |
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Le Tuc d'Audoubert
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13,000 BCE paleolithic
cave painting relief sculpture two bison leaning agaist a ridge of a rocl |
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Woman from Willendorf
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Paleolithic
Rounded shapes that convey stability, dignity and permanence Conveys body’s fleshiness, exaggerating its female attributes • Suggests an association with fertility and ultimately the survival of the individual and the family or clan |
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Chauvet Cave
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prehistoric
o Grazing, running or resting animals • Special meaning People returned to them time after time over many generations • Almost entirely inaccessible o Creation more important than finished product |
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Skara Brae
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neolithic settlement
Orkney Islands off scottland 3100-2600 BCE compact cluster of dweelings linked together by covered passageways |
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excellence in ceramics
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depends upon
1.) degree to which the given vessel combines domestic utility 2.) visual beauty 3.) fine execution |
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Horse and Sun Chariot
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Trundlhom, Denmark
1800-1600 BCE patterns on horse tend to be geometric and rectilinear but those on the sun disks are continuous and curvilinear, suggesting movement of the sun |
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SUMER
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cities that developed along the rivers of southern mesopotamia between 3500- 2340 BCE
wagon wheel and plow, cast objects in copper and broze, created a system of writing and orgaized system of justice |
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Uruk
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first independent sumerian city state
two large temple complexs 1 dedicated to Innana and 1 dedicated to Anu White temple |
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Inanna
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sumerian goddess of love and war
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Anu
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sumerian sky god
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Ur
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sumerian city
birthplace of Abraham |
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Nanna
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moon god
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stele of Naramsin
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Akkad
commemorates a miliatry vicotry of Naramsin, Sargon's grandson |
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Enheduanna
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AKKAD
daughter of Sargon I combined the roles of princess, preistess, politican, poet, and prophet considered the embodiment of goddess Ningal and wife of moon god Nanna |
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Votive Statue of Gudea
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Lagash
Girsu 2120 BCE emphasizes power centers monumental |
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Assurnasirpal II Killing Lions
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ASSYRIA
850 BCE man is not part of anture, standing among animals as their equal but has assued dominion over nature |
