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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chemistry
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science of the structure and interactions of matter
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matter
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anything that occupies space and has mass
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mass
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the amount of matter in any object
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chemical elements
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building blocks that makeup all matter
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how many elements in the body
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26
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how many elements total
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112
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how many elements occur naturally on earth
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92
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what makes up 96% of the body
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carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
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what makes up 4%?
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trace elements
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Atom
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the smallest unit of matter that retain the properties and characteristics of an element
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What makes up the nucleus
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protrons and nuetrons
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atoms are electrically neutral the number of positive protrons equals...
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the number of negative electrons
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atomic number
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the number of protrons in the nucleus, determines the elements
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mass number
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sum of the protrons and nuetrons together
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dalton
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standard unit for measuring the mass of atoms and their subatomic particles
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molecular formula
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tells you the elements and the number of elements in a molecule
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free radicals
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an electrically charged atom or group of atoms w/ an unpaired electron in its outermost shell, highly reactive and destructive to nearby molecules
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compound
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substance that contains atoms of two or more different elements
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chemical bonds
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forces that hold together the atoms of a molecule or compound
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three types of chemical bonds
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ionic, covalent, hydrogen
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valence shell
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outermost shell
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inonic bond
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force of attraction that holds inons of opposite charge together
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covalent bond
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two or more atoms that share electrons
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nonpolar
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share electrons evenly
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polar
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share electrons unevenly
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hydrogen bond
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when h atoms w/ a partial positive charge attract to the partial negative charge of a neighboring electronegative atom
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chemical reaction
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when new bonds form, old bonds break between atoms
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reactants
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starting substances
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products
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ending substances
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metabolism
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all the chemical reactions occuring in the body
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energy
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the capacity to do work
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potential energy
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stored, waiting to be used
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kinetic energy
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energy associated w/ the matter in motion
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chemical energy
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form of potential energy that is stored in the bonds of compounds and molecules
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law of conservation of energy
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energy cannot be created or destroyed buy it can be converted from one form to another
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exergonic reaction
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releases more energy than it absorbs
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endergonic reaction
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absorbs more energy than it releases
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catalyst
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chemical compounds that speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy needed to start that reaction
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two types of compounds in the body
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inorganic, organic
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inorganic
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lack carbon and structurally simple
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water is...
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most abundant and important inorganic
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organic compound
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contain carbon and usually hydrogen, always have covalent bond
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