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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does integument mean?
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Covering of the body; and considered one organ or an organ system
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Two Components of the integument
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1. Cutaneous membrane:skin
2. associated hairs, nails, glands |
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Cutaneous Membrane
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epidermis and dermis
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Epidermis
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Superficial epithelial tissue, avascular
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Dermis
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Underlying fibrous connective tissue, vascular
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Functions of the Skin
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-protection
-excretion -maintain normal body temp -synthesis of vit. D -storage -sensory |
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Epidermis
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composed of stratified squamous epithelia; therefore, affords mechanical protection
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several types of cells in epidermis
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most abundant type is keratinocytes (produce the protein keratin)
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consist of _ layer
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4-5 layers called strata; thin skin has 4 and think skin (soles and palms) has 5
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Stratum germinativum (basale)
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-innermost layer, attached to the basement membrane
-form the epidermal ridges that interdigitate with dermis (increases SA) -dominant cell type is basal cells(stem cells): divide to produce cells that move into the upper layers -other cell types include sensory cells (Merkel cells) and melanocytes (produce melanin) |
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Stratum Spinosum
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-composed of keratinocytes held together by desmosomes
-8-10 cell layers thick -include special cells for defense (langerhan cells) |
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Stratum Granulosum
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-3-5 cell layers thick
-cells no longer divide -lose nucleus and organelles -accumulate keratinohyaline granules and lamellate granules (**waterproofing material) |
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Stratum Lucidum
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-clear layer
-only found in thick skin -dead keratinocytes |
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stratum corneum
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-superficial layer fo 20-30 cell layers
-cells filled with keratin and surrounded by waterproofing material -cells still held together by desmosomes |
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Perspiration
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1. Insensible perspiration
2. Sensible Perspiration |
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Insensible Perspiration
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water from interstitial fluid slowly rises to skin surface and will evaporate
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Sensible Perspiration
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Involves secretions from sweat glands
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Blisters
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The result of pooling of fluid in areas of tissue damage; where layers have separated
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Color of Skin
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result of the interaction between pigments and dermal blood
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Pigment
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a. carotene
b. melanin |
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Carotene
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-orange-yellow pigment
-accumulate in epidermal cells and fatty tissue of the dermis -converted to vit A: important for maintenance of epithelia and synthesis of photoreceptors of the eye |
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Melanin
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-brown-black pigment
-melanosome: vesicle of melanin transferred to kerantinocytes -darkness of skin is dependent on the size of melanosomes and persistence into superficial layers |
