A&p - 4

Front 1

Alimentary Canal

Back 1

Gastrointestinal tract

Front 2

Peritoneum

Back 2

Serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

Front 3

Parietal

Back 3

Outer wall; cavity surface

Front 4

Mesentery

Back 4

Forms parietal peritoneum; supports organs; "sheet" like connective tissue; blood vessels and nerves

Front 5

Greater omentum

Back 5

"Apron" like covering over the large and small intestines; attaches from curvature of stomach and transverse colon

Front 6

Visceral

Back 6

External surface of organ

Front 7

Retroperitoneal

Back 7

Behind peritoneal; kidneys and pancreas

Front 8

Falciform ligaments

Back 8

Attaches liver to diaphragm and anterior abdominal wall

Front 9

Mucosa (stomach)

Back 9

Most interior layer; inner lining of GI tract; highly abundant; epithelial tissue; secretion of lubricant

Front 10

Submucosa

Back 10

Second most interior layer; connective tissue; nerves/blood vessels/lymph nodes

Front 11

Muscularis(stomach)

Back 11

Second layer from outside; strong layer; smooth muscle; inner oblique middle circular and outer longitudinal

Front 12

Serosa

Back 12

Outer most layer; thin; part of visceral pertoneum

Front 13

Cheeks

Back 13

Buccinator

Front 14

Labial frenulum

Back 14

Anchors lip to gums; fold of mucous membranes

Front 15

Lingual tonsils

Back 15

Posterior surface of the tongue

Front 16

Lingual frenulum

Back 16

Connects tongue to anterior portion of mouth

Front 17

Hard palate

Back 17

Superior/anterior oral cavity; inferior part of maxilla bone

Front 18

Soft palate

Back 18

Muscular arch; posterior to hard palate; mucous membranes

Front 19

Uvula

Back 19

Posterior/superior oral cavity; covered in mucous membranes

Front 20

Palatine tonsils

Back 20

Two; posterior oral cavity

Front 21

Crown (tooth)

Back 21

Exposed region of the tooth

Front 22

Neck (tooth)

Back 22

Point at which the tooth meets the gum line

Front 23

Root (tooth)

Back 23

Anchored to bone; below the gum line; "glued" with cementum

Front 24

Parotid gland

Back 24

Anterior to the ear; between skin and massater

Front 25

Submandubular gland

Back 25

Interior mandible; posterior to sublingual

Front 26

Sublingual gland

Back 26

Floor of mouth; base of tongue

Front 27

Pharynx

Back 27

"Funnel" that connects oral and nasal cavities; to esophagus and trachea

Front 28

Blous

Back 28

Chewed mass of food

Front 29

Esophagus

Back 29

Tube that connects pharynx to stomach; 10 inches

Front 30

Esophageal hiatus

Back 30

The point at which the esophagus passes through the diaphragm

Front 31

Lower esophageal sphincter

Back 31

The point at which the esophagus meets the stomach; keeps food in stomach

Front 32

Cardia

Back 32

Narrow; superior opening of the stomach

Front 33

Fundus(of stomach)

Back 33

Dome shaped structure; just below diaphragm

Front 34

Body(stomach)

Back 34

Large central portion of the stomach

Front 35

Rugae(stomach)

Back 35

Ridges that are present when stomach is empty

Front 36

Pylorus

Back 36

Inferior region of stomach; narrow; leads to duodenum

Front 37

Pyloric sphincter

Back 37

Regulates movement of stomach contents to the duodenum

Front 38

Greater curvature

Back 38

Lateral/inferior convex curvature of stomach

Front 39

Lesser curvature

Back 39

Medial/superior curvature of the inferior stomach

Front 40

Gastric rugae

Back 40

Rough surface of gastric organs

Front 41

Small intestines

Back 41

Post duodenum; pre colon

Front 42

Duodenum

Back 42

Final transportation tube before small intestines; 10 inches; "C" shaped; gastric juices added here

Front 43

Hepatopancreatic duct

Back 43

"Liver/pancreas" duct; connected tube from both organs; empties into duodenum

Front 44

Common bile duct

Back 44

Duct that drains bile from liver

Front 45

Pancreatic duct

Back 45

Duct that drains gastric juices from pancreas to common bile duct

Front 46

Jejunum

Back 46

larger diameter portion of small intestines; three feet long

Front 47

Ileum

Back 47

Last and longest segment of small intestines

Front 48

Ileocecal valve

Back 48

"Valve" between large and small intestines

Front 49

Plicae circulares

Back 49

Internal folds of the small intestines

Front 50

Villi

Back 50

"Finger" like projections constructed into tissue

Front 51

Microvilli

Back 51

"Brush" like projections on cells

Front 52

Lacteals

Back 52

Lymph vessels that aid with lipid absorption

Front 53

Large intestine

Back 53

Largest in diameter of most of GI tract; about five feet long

Front 54

Cecum

Back 54

First segment after ileocecal valve; inferior to ileocecal valve; "blind pouch"

Front 55

Appendix

Back 55

Attached to cecum; no current function

Front 56

Colon

Back 56

Large intestine; majority of structure

Front 57

Ascending colon

Back 57

From ileocecal valve to the inferior/right side of liver.

Front 58

Transverse colon

Back 58

From inferior/right side of liver across inferior aspect of stomach to spleen.

Front 59

Descending colon

Back 59

From spleen to sigmoid

Front 60

Sigmoid

Back 60

Descending colon to rectum

Front 61

Rectum

Back 61

7 inches of colon; sigmoid to anal canal

Front 62

Anal canal

Back 62

Short segment; 2-3 cm

Front 63

Anus

Back 63

Opening of anal canal

Front 64

Internal anal sphincter (muscle type)

Back 64

Smooth muscle

Front 65

External anal sphincter

Back 65

Skeletal muscles

Front 66

Haustra

Back 66

Segmented pouches of colon

Front 67

Taeniae coli

Back 67

Muscle bands of the large intestine; mesocolic, free and omental taeniae coli

Front 68

Epiploic appendages

Back 68

Fatty deposits along the colon

Front 69

Liver

Back 69

13 functions; divided in to left and right lobes

Front 70

Right and left lobe of liver

Back 70

Separated by falciform ligament; attaches via falciform ligament to diaphragm/abdomen

Front 71

Falciform ligaments

Back 71

Attaches to liver/supports

Front 72

Hepatic artery

Back 72

Blood to liver

Front 73

Hepatic portal vein

Back 73

Blood from intestine/stomach; to liver

Front 74

Bile duct

Back 74

Gastric fluid of the liver; duct that transports fluid

Front 75

Gallbladder

Back 75

Storage for bile; smooth muscle

Front 76

Cystic duct

Back 76

Duct between gallbladder and common bile duct

Front 77

Bile duct

Back 77

Duct to gall bladder

Front 78

Pancreas

Back 78

Endocrine/exocrine gland

Front 79

Kidney

Back 79

Posterior abdominal cavity; right is slightly inferior; retroperitoneal

Front 80

Ureter

Back 80

"Tube" from kidney to bladder

Front 81

Urinary bladder

Back 81

Storage location for urine

Front 82

Urethra

Back 82

From urinary bladder to exit body

Front 83

Retroperitoneal

Back 83

behind the peritoneum

Front 84

Hilus

Back 84

Location in which blood vessels and ureter is attached; medial depression

Front 85

Renal capsule

Back 85

strong; fibrous; outer most layer of kidney

Front 86

Adipose capsule(kidney)

Back 86

Fats that protect kidneys; surrounds organ; thick; found in renal sinus

Front 87

Renal fascia

Back 87

membrane that covers kidney; dense and irregular; connective tissue; anchors kidneys to abdominal walls

Front 88

Renal cortex

Back 88

Exterior of kindeys

Front 89

Renal medulla

Back 89

Middle layer of kidney

Front 90

Renal pyramids

Back 90

Triangular; collecting areas; inside of medulla

Front 91

Renal sinus

Back 91

Spaces between hilum and superior end of ureter

Front 92

Renal column

Back 92

Tissue between renal pyramids

Front 93

Renal papillae

Back 93

Point of renal pyramids; points to calyx

Front 94

Minor calyx

Back 94

"Funnel" for each papillae to drain to major calyx

Front 95

Major calyx

Back 95

Location in which the minor calyx drains into

Front 96

Renal pelvis

Back 96

Connection point for ureter at kidney

Front 97

Nephron

Back 97

Functional unit of the kidney; location in which filtration occurs

Front 98

Glomerulus

Back 98

Capillary like structure; surrounded by Bowman's capsule; filters blood; in renal cortex

Front 99

Bowman's capsule

Back 99

Surrounds glomerulus; collects excessive salts, water, and waste; catches filtrate; in renal cortex

Front 100

Proximal convoluted tubule

Back 100

After the Bowman's capsule; "close twisted tube"; inside of renal medulla

Front 101

Loop of Henle

Back 101

Non-convoluted structure; after the Bowman's capsule; in renal medulla

Front 102

Distal convoluted tubule

Back 102

Similiar to proximal convoluted tubule; after loop of Henle; "far twisted tube"

Front 103

Collecting duct

Back 103

Location in which the distal convoluted tubule empties; ends at renal pyramid

Front 104

Glomerular filtration

Back 104

Water and dissolved salts are removed by this process; inside of Bowman's capsule

Front 105

Glomerular capillaries

Back 105

Location in which the filtrate is is collected; inside of Bowman's capsule

Front 106

Fenestrae

Back 106

Pours in glomerular capillaries; inside of Bowman's capsule

Front 107

Ureters

Back 107

One for each kidney; route for urine to pass through to the bladder; tube that's about 10 inches

Front 108

Mucosa (ureter)

Back 108

Transitional epithelium; inner most layer

Front 109

Rugae (bladder)

Back 109

Folds that are visible when bladder is empty

Front 110

Muscularis (ureter)

Back 110

Two types of smooth muscles present (longitudinal/circular); peristalsis; middle layer

Front 111

Adventitia (ureter)

Back 111

Loose connective tissue; anchors structure

Front 112

Urinary bladder

Back 112

Urine storage; fills from bottom up; pelvic floor

Front 113

Mucosa (bladder)

Back 113

Lines bladder; transitional epithelial tissue

Front 114

Trigone

Back 114

Most exterior layer of bladder; smooth muscle; triangular floor; sensitive to pressure

Front 115

Detrusor muscle

Back 115

Smooth muscle walls (3 layers) of bladder

Front 116

Urethra

Back 116

Bladder to the bodies exit; inferior to bladder

Front 117

Internal urethral sphincter

Back 117

Formed from detrusor muscle; smooth muscle

Front 118

External urethral sphincter

Back 118

Skeletal muscle; lower sphincter

Front 119

Gametes

Back 119

Sex Cells

Front 120

Gonads

Back 120

Sex organs; testes and ovaries; creation of sex hormones

Front 121

Perineum

Back 121

Diamond shaped zone that encompass genitals and anus

Front 122

Dartos muscle

Back 122

Surrounds testes; follows scrotum in structure

Front 123

Cremaster muscle

Back 123

Muscle that attaches to testicles

Front 124

Scrotal septum

Back 124

Separates right and left testes

Front 125

Testicular lobules

Back 125

Segment containing seminiferous tubules

Front 126

Seminiferous tubules

Back 126

Tubes in which sperm are produced

Front 127

Spermatogenesis

Back 127

Creation of sperm

Front 128

Epididymis

Back 128

Structure that attaches to exterior of the testicles; location of sperm maturation

Front 129

Flagellum

Back 129

Cell tail; for propulsion

Front 130

Acrosome

Back 130

Contains digestive enzymes; on head of sperm

Front 131

Vas deferens

Back 131

Tube that allows sperm to exit epydidymis; long segment

Front 132

Spermatic cord

Back 132

Cord of various vessels and tubes that attach testes to body

Front 133

Ejaculatory duct

Back 133

Tube that ends in prostate; between seminal vesicles and prostate

Front 134

Prostatic urethra

Back 134

Urethra that runs through the prostate

Front 135

Membranous urethra

Back 135

Urethra that runs from prostate to penis

Front 136

Penile urethra

Back 136

Urethra that runs through the penis

Front 137

Seminal vesicles

Back 137

Adds fructose and alkali to semen

Front 138

Cowper's gland

Back 138

Secretes mucus, add alkali

Front 139

Corpora cavernosa (penis)

Back 139

Paired column; dorsal side of penis

Front 140

Corpora spongiosum

Back 140

One column; urethra runs through structure

Front 141

External urethral orifice

Back 141

Opening at the end of the penis and vagina; the meatus

Front 142

Uterus

Back 142

Location of fetus development

Front 143

Fallopian tube

Back 143

Connects ovaries to uterus; location of fertilization

Front 144

Fimbriae

Back 144

Fingers that brush against ovaries to transport egg

Front 145

Fundus (uterus)

Back 145

Most superior structure of the uterus; dome shaped

Front 146

Cervix

Back 146

Opening to the uterus; inferior aspect of the uterus

Front 147

Uterine cavity

Back 147

Location in which the fetus develops

Front 148

Cervical canal

Back 148

Location in which sperm enter uterus

Front 149

External os

Back 149

Opening in the cervix

Front 150

Perimetrium

Back 150

External lining of the uterus

Front 151

Endometrium(uterus)

Back 151

Internal lining of the uterus

Front 152

Myometrium(uterus)

Back 152

Muscular lining of the uterus; middle

Front 153

Broad ligaments

Back 153

Attachment points for uterus to connect to body/itself

Front 154

Vagina

Back 154

Muscular tube; 4-5 inches; smooth muscle

Front 155

Vaginal orifice

Back 155

Opening of the vagina to cervix

Front 156

Hymen

Back 156

Vestigial structure; developmental remnant

Front 157

Vestibular glands(vagina)

Back 157

Like the Cowper's gland in function; creates acidic mucus

Front 158

Vulva

Back 158

External female genitals

Front 159

Mons pubis

Back 159

Fatty pad superior to the clitoris

Front 160

Labia majora

Back 160

Outer folds of the vagina

Front 161

Labia minora

Back 161

Internal folds of the vagina

Front 162

Clitoris

Back 162

Structure that is similar in structure to penis; superior vaginal orifice

Front 163

Prepuce

Back 163

Structure similar to foreskin

Front 164

Glans clitoris

Back 164

Exterior point of the clitoris

Front 165

Corpora cavernosa (vagina)

Back 165

Similar in structure in male; allows for erection

Front 166

Vaginal vestibule

Back 166

Cavity inferior the vaginal orifice

Front 167

Mammary glands

Back 167

Exocrine gland; modified swear gland

Front 168

Lactiferous ducts

Back 168

Ducts that lead to the nipple

Front 169

Ovarian ligament

Back 169

Ligament that connects ovaries to uterus