Ap 3 Ch28 International Contacts & Conflicts_Vocabulary

Front 1

Internationalization

Back 1

A spread in the idea to unite with other countries across national boundaries.

Front 2

World Court

Back 2

A permanent court of arbitration that nations could use to settle disputes. Established in The Hague and has ruled on various conflicts including economic rights and boundary questions.

Front 3

Italian Front

Back 3

The front between the Italians and the Austrians created when Italy entered the war on the side of France and Britain.

Front 4

Submarine warfare

Back 4

German warfare featuring attacks on U.S. ships bringing people and supplies to Britain, was the most important cause of America's entry into the war in 1917.

Front 5

Western Front

Back 5

The front in northern France which demonstrated the effective use of modern technology in warfare.

Front 6

Eastern Front

Back 6

Most of the fighting on the eastern front occured in the western portions of Russia, with some momentous battles.

Front 7

Balfour Declaration

Back 7

Promise made by the British (in 1917) to Jewish settlers in Israel providing support.

Front 8

Brest-Litovsk Treaty

Back 8

Treaty signed by Lenin and the communist leadership to give the Germans substantial territories in western Russia in return for peace.

Front 9

League of Nations

Back 9

Designed to deal with future disputes and to make war unnecessary. Created by president Woodrow Wilson however the U.S. did not enter the League of Nations.

Front 10

Isolationism

Back 10

A national policy of abstaining from political or economic relations with other countries. American isolationism contributed to French and British fears for the future.

Front 11

National Socialist (Nazi) Party

Back 11

German party led by Adolf Hitler that began to pick up power in the mid-1920s. Advocated an aggressive foreign policy, gain of German military glory, and new territory for expansion.

Front 12

Benito Mussolini

Back 12

Formed a fascist state in the 1920's. Promised an aggressive foreign policy and new nationalist glories.

Front 13

Anschluss

Back 13

A long-sought union by Hitler with Austria as a fellow German nation.

Front 14

Munich Conference

Back 14

Convinced French and British leaders that Hitler might be satisfied with acquiescence.

Front 15

Appeasement

Back 15

Hitler's eagerness to compromise had won "peace in our time" according to the British prime minister.

Front 16

Tripatite Pact

Back 16

Signed by Germany, Japan, and Italy in September 1940 to cooperate with one another.

Front 17

Pearl Harbor

Back 17

Place where Japan attacked on December 7, 1941 after poor negotiations with the U.S.

Front 18

Blitzkrieg

Back 18

"Lightning war" involving rapid movement of troops, tanks, and mechanized carriers.

Front 19

Vichy

Back 19

City where a semifascist collaborative regime ruled.

Front 20

Winston Churchill

Back 20

Led imaginative air force tactics and strong leadership under a coalition government.

Front 21

Siege of Stalingrad

Back 21

Might have opened way to the Ural Mountains and Russia's new heartlands had the Soviet Union not push back the intensive siege.

Front 22

Hiroshima

Back 22

City where the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb, which helped to secure the second unconditional surrender of an Axis power.

Front 23

Nagasaki

Back 23

City where the U.S. dropped an atomic bomb, which helped to secure the second unconditional surrender of an Axis power.

Front 24

Holocaust

Back 24

Hitler's elimination of the Jews throughout Europe, resulting in 6 million deaths in the gas chambers.

Front 25

Harry Truman

Back 25

American president, who greatly supported the atomic bombing of Japanese cities.

Front 26

Total War

Back 26

Vast resources and emotional commitments of the belligerent nations were marshaled to support military effort.

Front 27

United Nations

Back 27

New international organization from the outset featured better representation than did the League of Nations.

Front 28

Teheran Conference

Back 28

Decision to focus on France rather than moving up from the Mediterranean.

Front 29

Yalta Conference

Back 29

Arranged to divide Germany into four occupations zones which would be disarmed and purged of Nazi influence.

Front 30

Potsdam Conference

Back 30

Divided Germany pending a final peace treaty.

Front 31

Iron Curtain

Back 31

Phrase coined by Winston Churchill to describe the devision between free and repressed societies that he saw taking shape in Europe.

Front 32

North Atlantic Treaty Organization

Back 32

Formed in 1949, under the U.S. leadership, to group most of the western European powers and Canada in a defensive alliance against possible Soviet aggression.

Front 33

Nonalignment

Back 33

Nations during the cold war who sought workable diplomatic relations with both the U.S and the Soviet Union.