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32 Cards in this Set
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914-1999
The 20th century World War I Social |
Countries used military growth to distract people from the social tensions at home.
More than 10 million people died during World War I. |
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Ch.28 International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914- 1999
The 20th century Cold war Social |
Social
Germany was divided in two in 1948 with Soviet communist on the east side and United States non communist government on the west side. From 1949 to the 1980’s the U.S and the Soviet were both building many atomic weapons with hostile attitudes towards each other. Battle against international communism. |
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914-1999
The 20th century World War I Culture |
Many newspapers and magazines were writing of the events of the war.
Propaganda |
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Ch.28 International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914- 1999
The 20th century Cold war Culture |
Cultural
From 1946- 1970’s many nations decolonizing. China and Vietnam during this time experienced revolutions. Cold war ended in the 1980’s. Cultural heritages of many nations still strong (Islamic & Confucianism). |
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914-1999
The 20th century World War I Religion |
In 1917, the British promised the Jews a home in Palestine with the Balfour Declaration.
Interactions In 1917, the United States entered the war on the side of the British against Germany. The United States made the League of Nations. Britain, France, and Russia fought Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy. |
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914-1999
The 20th century World War I Political |
World War I lasted from 1914 to 1918.
Propaganda After World War I the United States went into political isolationism. |
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914-1999
The 20th century World War I Interaction |
Archdule Ferdinand killed by Serbian
Italian Front, Western Front, Eastern Front Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungry, Ottoman Empire Triple Entente: Britain, France, Russia United States enter War 1917 Balfour Declartion |
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914-1999
The 20th century World War I Technology |
The Germans used submarine warfare.
Poison Gas. Airplanes and tanks. |
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914-1999
The 20th century World War I Economic |
There was massive destruction of industrial property and agricultural land, which damaged many countries economies.
Prospers time until 1929 stock market crash. |
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914-1999
The 20th century World War I Demography |
The Ottoman Empire collapsed.
The Germans received much of Russian territory when Russia escaped from war in 1918 with the Brest-Litovsk Treaty |
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Ch.28 International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914- 1999
The 20th century Cold war Religion |
Religion
After the cold war various East Asian leaders commented on the weakness of Western values, including excessive individualism. The revival of Islam continued to generate tensions within the Middle East, affecting secular states such as Turkey. |
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Ch.28 International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914- 1999
The 20th century Cold war Interactions |
Interactions
Like world war 2 cold war rivalries started in Europe. The soviets occupied a lot of Eastern Europe and even Eastern Germany. Winston Churchill in 1946 made the phrase iron curtain to describe the division between free and repressed societies in Europe. Cold war divisions between two military divisions: NATO against the soviets. U.S made NATO in 1949 and it included Canada and most of the Western powers. U.S made alliances with Australia and many others to fight against communist advance. Some countries neutral in cold war, and got benefits from both powers. After cold war, United Nations played big role in counties fighting, to reduce hostility. New emphasis on regional but supernatural trade blocs, to support economic growth (North American free trade agreement.) |
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Ch.28 International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914- 1999
The 20th century Cold war Political |
Politics
The United States criticized Russian policies and denied Russian application loans for reconstruction. In 1947 U.S passed the Marshall plan, giving huge loans to Western Europe nations to rebuild after wars. Germany was the focal point of the cold war in the early years. Cold war was a power struggle and a battle of ideas. Peak of war passed in the 1950’s and not ever actual fighting. Some newly independent nations quickly developed strong governments and militaries of their own. Ronald Regan a nationalist increased military spending. After cold war U.S only military superpower and continued NATO. Democratic trend expanded. |
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Ch.28 International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914- 1999
The 20th century Cold war Technology |
Technology
New United States president Harry Truman developed the atomic bomb. In 1949 the Soviets developed their own atomic bomb. Many military advances. |
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Ch.28 International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914- 1999
The 20th century Cold war Economics |
Economics
Soviet concentration in Germany was for seizing goods and factories, therefore benefiting economy. In 1947 the West moved to promote Germanic economy by creating a stable currency, the Soviet responded by blockading the city of Berlin. U.S used propaganda and economic aid to governments that would side with them in Africa and Asia. During the cold war economic interactions increased and no global depressions like in the 30’s. Oil shortage in 1973 and 1979 had international impact. Exploitation of cheap labor brought many new industries. Soviets in economic crisis in 1985 and Gorbachev made arms reduction agreements. More common commercial policies of nation, with fewer market forces. |
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Ch.28 International Contacts and Conflicts, 1914- 1999
The 20th century Cold war Demography |
Demography
The soviets occupied a lot of Eastern Europe and even Eastern Germany. The iron curtain was the division between the Soviet and American units in Europe. They both were stationed in Europe. International pollution problems. In 1989 Gorbachev was obliged to recognize the independence of all eastern European states, and the communist nation collapsed (1991). |
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts 1914-1999
World War II, 20th Century S- Social |
Hitler withdrew from League of Nations
Gypsies and Jews suppressed 35 million killed in war (20 million in Soviet Union alone) UN exercised strong influences over issues such as child labor, women’s conditions, and environmental protection |
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts 1914-1999
World War II, 20th Century C- Cultural |
Jewish Suppression by Nazi leaders
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts 1914-1999
World War II, 20th Century R- Religious |
1940- Hitler begins genocidal extermination of Jewish population
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts 1914-1999
World War II, 20th Century I- Interactions |
Japanese militarism leads to more aggressive foreign policy towards China
1931- Japanese invade Manchuria 1920s- Hitler starts National Socialist party and Benito Mussolini starts fascist regime 1939- Germany and Soviet Union invade Poland |
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts 1914-1999
World War II, 20th Century P- Political |
Rise of various ultra-nationalist groups triggered depression
1939- Nazi-Soviet Pact 1940- Axis Agreement (Germany, Italy, Japan) 1940- Fall of France |
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts 1914-1999
World War II, 20th Century T- Technology |
Nuclear Warfare
Nuclear Bombs dropped on Hiroshima and Nagasaki, ending war |
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts 1914-1999
World War II, 20th Century E- Economic |
Japan remained relatively dependent on exports but was highly industrialized
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Chapter 28: International Contacts and Conflicts 1914-1999
World War II, 20th Century D- Demographic |
Jewish population flees Western Europe and Germany’s power
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Chapter 28 International Contacts & Conflicts, 1914-1999
The Great Depression, 20th Century Social |
Nationalistic selfishness predominated. New problems developed among hours and reduced pay, as well as the middle classes. The statistics were grim: Up to one third of all blue- collar workers in the west lost their jobs for prolonged though not quite as severe was also unparalleled. The result placed great hardships on many Russian people, who were called to sustain rapid industrial development without outside capital, but it did prevent a depression from happening during the 1930s. Japanese farmers were reduced to eating the bark from trees.
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Chapter 28 International Contacts & Conflicts, 1914-1999
The Great Depression, 20th Century Cultural |
The popular culture of the 1930s wasn’t without contradictions. It was, simultaneously, a decade of traditionalism and modernist experimentation
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Chapter 28 International Contacts & Conflicts, 1914-1999
The Great Depression, 20th Century Religious |
There was a strong show up of the church during the period of the Great Depression. After decades of declining church membership, and what many perceived to be a general decline in religious piety throughout the country, many clergyman saw the Depression as partly a heavenly response to these developments. Moreover, many believed that the suffering masses would quickly rush back into the church, swelling membership rolls.
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Chapter 28 International Contacts & Conflicts, 1914-1999
The Great Depression, 20th Century Interaction |
International economic dislocation followed international dislocation in war. The Soviet Union, busy building an industrial society under communist control, had cut off all but the most insignificant economic ties with other nations to promote socialism in one country.
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Chapter 28 International Contacts & Conflicts, 1914-1999
The Great Depression, 20th Century Political |
The great depression triggered important new government policies but also furthered extremist political forces in many countries. The governments of the leading industrial nations provided scant leadership during the emerging crisis of the 1920s. Western nations were more concerned about insisting on repayment of debts owed to them or insisting on repayment of debts owed to them or enacting tariff barriers to protect their own industries than about balancing world economic growth. Italy turned to a new kind of government under fascism. The formal advent of depression occurred in October 1929, when the New York stock market crashed.
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Chapter 28 International Contacts & Conflicts, 1914-1999
The Great Depression, 20th Century Technology |
During inflation, Western Europe and North American farmers borrowed heavily to buy new equipment. Pronounced tendencies toward over production developed in the smaller nations of Eastern Europe, which sent agricultural goods to Western Europe, as well as among tropical producers in Africa and Latin America. With investment receding, industrial production quickly began to fall, beginning in the industries that produced capital goods and extending quickly to consumer products.
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Chapter 28 International Contacts & Conflicts, 1914-1999
The Great Depression, 20th Century Economical |
The economic depression that dominated the 1930s was international in scope. Economic shocks were particularly severe in Western Europe and the United States. Latin America, Africa, and Japan, as world exporters were also affected. Food production soared in response to wartime needs. Most of the dependent areas in the world economy, colonies and non colonies alike, were suffering badly. Continued efforts to earn export revenue drove local estate owners to expand output in such goods as coffee, sugar, and rubber. Many colonies and dependent economies were unable to buy many industrial exports, which weakened the demand for western products precisely when output tended to rise amid growing United States and Japanese competition. Protectionism, as practiced even by traditionally free trade Great Britain and by the many new nations in Eastern Europe, simply reduced market opportunities and made a bad situation worse. Stock values tumbled as investors quickly lost confidence in issues that had been pushed ridiculously high. United States banks, which had depended heavily on their stock investments, rapidly echoed the financial crisis, and many institutions failed, dragging their depositors along with them. Even before the collapse, Americans had begun to call back earlier loans to Europe. Key bank failures in Austria and Germany followed the American crisis. Falling production (levels dropped by as much as one third by 1923) meant falling employment and lower wages, which in turn withdrew more demand from the economy from the economy and led to further hardship. The great depression fed on itself, growing steadily worse from 1929 to 1933. In Germany 600,000 of 4 million white collar workers had lost their jobs by 1931. A few economies were buffered from the depression. Unemployment rose rapidly in the export sectors of the Latin American economy, creating a major political challenge not unlike that faced by the western leaders. Luxury purchases of silk unemployment and, again, a crucial political crisis. Between 1929 and 1931, the value of Japanese exports plummeted by 50 percent. Workers’ real income dropped by almost one third, and more than 3 million were unemployed.
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Chapter 28 International Contacts & Conflicts, 1914-1999
The Great Depression, 20th Century Demography |
One response was continued flight to the countryside. Most of the World was affected. You will also have the dust bowl during this era as well.
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