Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
118 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are the ligaments of the larynx?
|
hyoepiglottic L, cricotracheal L, thyrohyoid L, thyroepiglottic L, cricothyroid L
|
|
|
How many types of ligament are there in the larynx?
|
2, extrinsic and intrinsic
|
|
|
What are the types of ligament in the larynx?
|
extrinsic and intrinsic
|
|
|
hyoepiglottic L, cricotracheal L, thyrohyoid L, thyroepiglottic L, cricothyroid L are examples of what?
|
Ligaments of the larynx
|
|
|
What are the extrinsic ligaments of the larynx?
|
hyoepiglottic L, cricotracheal L, thyrohyoid L
|
|
|
hyoepiglottic L, cricotracheal L, and thyrohyoid L are examples of what?
|
extrinsic ligaments of the larynx
|
|
|
hyoepiglottic L connects what?
|
hyoid bone and epiglottis (superior portion)
|
|
|
cricotracheal L connects what?
|
cricoid C to trachea
|
|
|
thyrohyoid L connects what?
|
thyroid C to hyoid B
|
|
|
hyoid bone and epiglottis (superior portion) are connected by?
|
hyoepiglottic L
|
|
|
cricoid C to trachea are connected by?
|
Cricotracheal L
|
|
|
thyroid C to hyoid B are connected by?
|
thyrohyoid L
|
|
|
What are the intrinsic L's of the larynx?
|
thyroepiglottic L and cricothyroid L
|
|
|
thyroepiglottic L and cricothyroid L are examples of what?
|
intrinsic L's of the larynx
|
|
|
connects thyroid to epiglottis
|
thyroiepiglottic L connects
|
|
|
connects cricoid C to thyroid C
|
cricothyroid L connects
|
|
|
thyroepiglottic L connects
|
connects thyroid to epiglottis
|
|
|
cricothyroid connects
|
connects cricoid C to thyroid C
|
|
|
What is meant by extrinsic ligaments of the larynx?
|
they connect the larynx to the trachea (inferiorly) or the hyoid B (superiorly)
|
|
|
What type of L's of the larynx connect it to things outside the larynx?
|
extrinsic
|
|
|
What is the shape of the larynx?
|
oval shaped
|
|
|
what is the orientation of the inlet of the larynx?
|
obliquely, backward and upward in the laryngopharynx
|
|
|
What is obliquely oriented, backward and upward into the laryngopharynx?
|
the inlet of the larynx
|
|
|
what is lateral to the inlet of the larynx?
|
piriform fossa/recess
|
|
|
two types of laryngeal folds /cords
|
vestibular folds & vocal folds
|
|
|
vestibular folds and vocal folds also known as
|
ventricular folds or false vocal cords and true vocal cords
|
|
|
ventricular folds (false vocal cords) and true vocal cords are also known as
|
vestibular folds and vocal folds
|
|
|
What is the relative location of the false vocal cords?
|
superior and lateral to the true vocal cords
|
|
|
what is superior and lateral to the true vocal cords?
|
the false vocal cords
|
|
|
what is the relative color of the false vocal cords and why?
|
more pink/red than the true vocal cords due to more vascularity
|
|
|
Where can the vestibular ligament be found in the larynx?
|
in the vestibular/ventricular folds (false vocal cords)
|
|
|
what ligament is found in the ventricular folds?
|
vestibular ligament
|
|
|
what ligament is found in the false vocal cords?
|
vestibular ligament
|
|
|
what is the posterior attachment of the vestibular ligament?
|
upper anterior lateral aspect of the arytenoid cartilage
|
|
|
What is the relative location of the true vocal cords?
|
inferior and more medial to the vestibular folds
|
|
|
What is the relative appearance of the vocal folds?
|
more whitish than the vestibular folds d/t less vascularity
|
|
|
where can you find the vocal ligament?
|
within the vocal fold
|
|
|
what are the attachments of the vocal fold?
|
posterior: vocal process of the arytenoid cartilage, anterior: inner surface of the angle of the thyroid C
|
|
|
What is Reinke's space?
|
potential space between vocal fold epithelium and underlying vocal ligament
|
|
|
what is the potential space between vocal fold epithelium and underlying vocal ligament?
|
reinke's space
|
|
|
what is the swelling over the true vocal cords called?
|
Reinke's edema
|
|
|
What causes reinke's edema?
|
irritation of the true vocal cords
|
|
|
how Is reinke's edema resolved?
|
irritation of the true vocal cords is removed
|
|
|
what pathology is common in patients with GERD?
|
Reinke's edema
|
|
|
What is the rima glottidis?
|
opening between the true vocal cords & arytenoid C
|
|
|
What is the opening between the true vocal cords and the arytenoid C?
|
rima glottidis
|
|
|
what is the narrowest portion of the upper airway in adults?
|
rima glottidis
|
|
|
What is composed of the true vocal cords and the rima glottidis?
|
glottis
|
|
|
what is the glottis composed of?
|
rima glottidis and true vocal cords
|
|
|
ETT goes through: a. glottis b. rima glottidis c. der?
|
b. rima glottidis
|
|
|
what are the laryngeal cavities and their synonyms?
|
vestibular cavity (vestibule), ventricular cavity (ventricle), infraglottic (subglottic) cavity
|
|
|
where is the vestibule of the larynx?
|
between the laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds
|
|
|
what is the laryngeal cavity between the laryngeal inlet and the vestibular folds?
|
vestibule
|
|
|
where is the ventricle of the larynx?
|
between the vestibular folds and vocal folds
|
|
|
what laryngeal cavity is between the vestibular folds and vocal folds?
|
ventricle
|
|
|
where is the infraglottic cavity?
|
between the vocal folds and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage
|
|
|
which laryngeal cavity is between the vocal folds and the inferior border of the cricoid cartilage?
|
infraglottic cavity
|
|
|
What is the origin/insertion/nerve supply/action of the stylopharyngeus?
|
styloid process/pos.border.thyroid.C/CN9/elevates larynx and pharynx
|
|
|
What is the origin/insertion/nerve supply/action of the salpingopharyngeus?
|
auditory tube/pos.border.thyroid.c./CN10/elevates larynx & pharynx, dilates auditory tube
|
|
|
What is the origin/insertion/nerve supply/action of the palatopharyngeus?
|
hard palate/pos.border.thyroid.C/CN10/elevates larynx&pharynx, pull palatopharyngeal arch medially
|
|
|
What are the extrinsic muscles of the larynx?
|
stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus
|
|
|
What is the difference between extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the pharynx?
|
extrinsic move the whole larynx, intrinsic muscles move a part of it.
|
|
|
Contract of the laryngeal intrinsic muscles can result in what/
|
modifying the laryngeal inlet or moving the true vocal cords.
|
|
|
What are the muscles involved in modifying the laryngeal inlet and their synonyms?
|
aryepiglottic M, oblique arytenoid(eus) M, thyroepiglottic M
|
|
|
What is the origin/insertion/nerve supply/action of the aryepiglottic M?
|
arytenoid C (apex)/epiglottis/recurrent laryngeal N/narrows inlet
|
|
|
What is the origin/insertion/nerve supply/action of the oblique arytenoid(eus) M?
|
muscular P of arytenoid C/apex of opposite arytenoid C/recurrent laryngeal N/narrows inlet
|
|
|
What is the origin/insertion/nerve supply/action of the thyroepiglottic M?
|
lamina of thyroid C/walls of epiglottis and aryepiglottic M/recurrent laryngeal N/widens inlet
|
|
|
What are the muscles involved with movement of the true vocal cords?
|
cricothyroid M, thyroarytenoid M, lateral cricoarytenoid(eus) M, transverse arytenoid M, oblique arytenoid M, posterior cricoarytenoid M
|
|
|
What are the intrinsic M's of the larynx?
|
cricothyroid M, thyroarytenoid M, lateral cricoarytenoid(eus) M, transverse arytenoid M, oblique arytenoid M, posterior cricoarytenoid M, aryepiglottic M, thyroepiglottic M
|
|
|
What muscles are involved with changing the tension on the true vocal cords?
|
cricothyroid M, thyroarytenoid M
|
|
|
What is the origin/insertion/nerve supply/action of the cricothyroid M?
|
anterior cricoid C/bottom of thyroid C/external laryngeal N/increases tension on true vocal cords
|
|
|
Which muscle increases tension on the true vocal cords?
|
cricothyroid
|
|
|
What is the origin/insertion/nerve supply/action of the thyroaryteniod M?
|
lateral to inner angle of thyroid C/lat side of arytenoid C/recurrent laryngeal N/shortens true vocal cords
|
|
|
Which muscle decreases the tension on the true vocal cords?
|
thyroarytenoid M
|
|
|
Where can the vocalis M be found?
|
it is the part of the thyroarytenoid M that is imediately lateral to the vocal ligaments
|
|
|
What is the part of the thyroarytenoid M that is immediately lateral to the vocal ligaments?
|
vocalis M
|
|
|
Which muscles adduct the vocal cords?
|
lateral cricoarytenoid(eus) M, transverse arytenoid M, oblique arytenoid M
|
|
|
What do the lateral cricoarytenoid(eus) M, transverse arytenoid M, and oblique arytenoid M do?
|
adduct the vocal cords
|
|
|
What is the origin/insertion/nerve supply/action of the lateral cricoarytenoid(eus) M?
|
sup, lat aspect of cricoid C/muscular P of arytenoid C/recurrent laryngeal N/adducts vocal cords
|
|
|
What is the origin/insertion/nerve supply/action of the transverse arytenoid M?
|
arytenoid/arytenoid/recurrent laryngeal N/closes posterior aspect of rima glottidis
|
|
|
What is the origin/insertion/nerve supply/action of the posterior cricoarytenoid M?
|
posterior aspect of cricoid C/muscular P of arytenoid C/recurrent laryngeal N/abducts cords
|
|
|
which laryngeal M's insert to the muscular process of the arytenoid C?
|
posterior cricoarytenoid M, lateral cricoarytenoid M
|
|
|
what do posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid M's have in common?
|
insert into same place, origin in same cartilage, same nerve supply, both affect vocal cords
|
|
|
What is the epithelial lining of the larynx?
|
true vocal cords have stratified squamous epithelium, everything else has respiratory epithelium
|
|
|
why do the true vocal cords have stratified squamous epithelium?
|
need a more durable epithelium due to the vibrations
|
|
|
what is the arterial and venous blood supply to the larynx?
|
superior and inferior laryngeal artery & internal jugular vein
|
|
|
What is the lymphatic drainage of the larynx?
|
deep cervical lymph nodes
|
|
|
what is the laryngeal sensory information carried on for the vocal cords and up?
|
internal laryngeal N
|
|
|
what carries the sensory information for the larynx from below the vocal cords and down?
|
recurrent laryngeal N
|
|
|
What is the result of unilateral cutting of the recurrent laryngeal N?
|
flaccid paralysis of the corresponding vocal fold leading to hoarseness
|
|
|
what is the result of bilateral cutting of the recurrent laryngeal N?
|
during inspiration, can lead to occlusion of the airway
|
|
|
external laryngeal N is a branch of ______ is a branch of _______.
|
superior laryngeal N; vagus N
|
|
|
internal laryngeal N is a branch of ______ is a brach of ______.
|
superior laryngeal N; vagus N
|
|
|
The superior laryngeal artery is a branch of the ______.
|
superior thyroid A
|
|
|
the inferior laryngeal A is a branch of the ______.
|
inferior thyroid A.
|
|
|
What is the fibrocartilaginous tube that runs from end of larynx to level of T4/5?
|
trachea
|
|
|
What is the superior and inferior border of the trachea?
|
C6/inferior border of larynx/end of cricoid to sternal angle/T4-T5
|
|
|
Where is the midpoint of the trachea?
|
T2 or jugular notch
|
|
|
Where is the ideal location for the distal end of the ETT?
|
T2 or jugular notch: midpoint of trachea
|
|
|
What are the shape of the cartilages in the trachea?
|
C-shaped!
|
|
|
Which way does the open end of the cartilages in the trachea face?
|
posteriorly
|
|
|
What are the open ends of the trachea closed by?
|
trachealis M
|
|
|
What kind of muscle tissue is the trachealis?
|
smoooooooooth
|
|
|
Some of the C-shaped cartilages of the trachea commonly contain ______.
|
bifurcations
|
|
|
What is the function of the C-shaped cartilages of the trachea?
|
keeps the airway open
|
|
|
What is the appearance of the trachea anteriorly and posteriorly?
|
rounded and flattened
|
|
|
What is the lowermost portion of the trachea?
|
carina
|
|
|
What is the location at which the trachea divides into right and left bronchi?
|
carina
|
|
|
Which part of the trachea looks like a keel?
|
carina
|
|
|
As we go down the trachea we have increasing amounts of ______ and ______.
|
collagen; elastin
|
|
|
What is the epithelial lining of the trachea?
|
respiratory epithelium
|
|
|
what is present in the submucosal tissue of the trachea?
|
mucous glands
|
|
|
what is the arterial and venous blood supply to the trachea?
|
arterial: inferior thyroid A, intercostal A, bronchial A. Venous: corresponding V's
|
|
|
What is the lymphatic drainage of the trachea?
|
tracheal (paratracheal) LyNds, tracheobronchial LyNds, inferior deep cervical LyNds
|
|
|
Where can you find tracheobronchial lymph nodes?
|
at the junction where the trachea divides
|
|
|
What are two types of tracheobronchial lymph nodes and their synonyms?
|
superior tracheobronchial nodes and inferior tracheobronchial nodes (carinal nodes)
|
|
|
What is the sensory and motor innervation of the trachea?
|
both are recurrent laryngeal N
|
|
|
The recurrent laryngeal N is a branch of ______.
|
vagus N
|
