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93 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the major and minor sensory innervations of the subdivisions of the pharynx?
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Naso: 9/5, Oro: 9/10, Laryngo: 10/9
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What is the only pharyngeal muscle innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN9)?
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Stylopharyngeus
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Most of the motor innervation to the pharyngeal muscles is from what nerve?
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Vagus nerve (CN 10)
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The mucus glands of the pharynx are innervated by what nerve system?
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PSNS
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Reinke's guess: name the nerves associated with the mucus glands of the subdivisions of the pharynx.
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Naso: CN7, Oro: CN9, Laryngo: CN10
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What is the location of the larynx?
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between the upper border of C4 down to inferior border of C6, anterior to laryngopharynx
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What does the upper respiratory airway consist of?
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Nasal cavities, nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx, and larynx (oral cavity not included)
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How many pieces of cartilage form the larynx? How many are paired?
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9, 3 (3x2=6)
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What are the paired cartilages of the larynx?
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arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
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What are the unpaired cartilages of the larynx?
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thyroid, cricoid, epiglottis
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The epiglottis lies over what structure?
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the glottis
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What is the relative shape and location of the epiglottis?
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leaf-shaped. Lies posterior to the root of the tongue, over the glottis
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What is the function of the epiglottis?
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helps cover the airway during swallowing, opens during breathing
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Name the attachments of the epiglottis.
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thyroepiglottic lig., hyoepiglottic lig., median glossoepiglottic fold, lateral glossoepiglottic folds (2)
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The thyroepiglottic ligament connects what?
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inferior tapered end of epiglottis to the thyroid cartilage
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hyoepiglottic ligament connects what?
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epiglottis to the hyoid bone
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what is the median glossoepiglottic fold?
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midline lying fold that attaches the epiglottis to the root of the tongue
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what are the lateral glossoepiglottic folds?
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2 lateral folds of tissue that attach the epiglottis to the root of the tongue
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What lies between the median and lateral glossoepiglottic folds?
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valleculae
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What is the aryepiglottic fold?
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fold of connective tissue joins lateral borders of the epiglottis to arytenoid cartilage posteriorly. Forms lateral walls of the laryngeal inlet.
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what forms the lateral walls of the laryngeal inlet?
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aryepiglottic fold
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what is the fold of tissue that joins the lateral borders of the epiglottis to the arytenoid cartilage posteriorly?
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aryepiglottic fold
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What is the epiglottic tubercle?
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small swelling on inner, inferior, posterior surface of the epiglottis
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What is the small swelling on the inner, inferior, posterior surface of the epiglottis called?
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epiglottic tubercle
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What comes in contact with the cuneiform tubercles that shuts off the larynx during swallowing?
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epiglottic tubercle
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What is the function of the epiglottic tubercle?
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contacts cuneiform tubercles during swallowing to shut off the larynx
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What is the thyroid cartilage also known as?
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adam's apple
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What is the relative size of the thyroid cartilage?
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the largest laryngeal cartilage
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Which is the largest laryngeal cartilage?
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the thyroid cartilage
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In which gender is the thyroid cartilage larger and why?
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males, testosterone
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Which laryngeal cartilage is larger in males?
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thyroid
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What is the shape of the thyroid cartilage?
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V-shaped that is open posteriorly
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Which laryngeal cartilage is v-shaped and open posteriorly?
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Thyroid
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What are the two sides of the thyroid cartilage called?
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lamina(e)
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What are the lamina(e) of the thyroid cartilage?
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the two sides of the cartilage
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What is the angle of the thyroid cartilage?
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midline area where the two lamina fuse together
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What is the midline area of the thyroid cartilage where the two lamina fuse together called?
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The angle of the thyroid cartilage
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What is the importance of the superior/inferior horns (cornua) of the thyroid cartilage?
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they can fracture during intubation leading to severe and persistent throat pain and litigation
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What part of the thyroid cartilage can fracture during intubation leading to lawsuits?
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the superior and inferior horns (cornua) of the thyroid cartilage
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What is the complete circular band of cartilage that surrounds the inferior portion of the larynx called?
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The cricoid cartilage
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What is the cricoid cartilage?
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a complete circular band of cartilage that surrounds the inferior portion of the larynx
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Which laryngeal cartilage resembles a "signet ring"?
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cricoid cartilage
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which cartilage forms a complete circular ring?
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cricoid cartilage
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which cartilage is skinny in the front and wide in the back?
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cricoid cartilage
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What is the relative size of the cricoid cartilage anteriorly and posteriorly?
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narrow, wide
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What is the location of the cricoid cartilage?
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immediately beneath the thyroid cartilage
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Which cartilage lies beneath the thyroid cartilage?
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cricoid cartilage
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What aides visualization of the airway and closes off the esophagus to prevent aspiration?
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cricoid cartilage
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What is the purpose of cricoid pressure?
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prevents aspiration
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What manuver prevents aspiration during RSI (or just intubation)?
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cricoid pressure
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What is the only non-expanding portion of the upper airway?
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cricoid cartilage
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Why is the cricoid cartilage the only non-expanding portion of the upper airway?
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it is a complete ring
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what is the narrowest part of the upper airway in small children and babies?
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cricoid cartilage
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What is the relative size of the cricoid in small children and babies?
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narrowest part of the upper airway
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What is the paired cartilage that sits on the superior border of the posterior aspect of the cricoid cartilage?
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arytenoid cartilage
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What are the pyramidal shaped cartilages?
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arytenoid cartilage
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What is the shape of the arytenoid cartilage?
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pyramidal
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Where does the arytenoid cartilage sit?
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superior border of the posterior aspect of the cricoid cartilage
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What are two areas of the arytenoid cartilage?
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apex and base
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Which cartilage has an apex and base?
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arytenoid cartilage
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What is associated with the apex of the arytenoid cartilage?
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corniculate cartilages and aryepiglottic folds
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Where do the corniculate cartilages and aryepiglottic folds attach?
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the apex of the aryepiglottic cartilage
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What does the base of the arytenoid cartilage sit on?
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superior border of the posterior aspect of the cricoid cartilage
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What are two processes associated with the base of the arytenoid c?
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vocal process and muscular process
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What has a vocal and muscular process?
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the base of the arytenoid process
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Where does the vocal ligament attach?
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vocal process of the base of the arytenoid C to the inner angle of the thyroid
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what attaches the vocal process of the arytenoid process to the true vocal cords?
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vocal ligament
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What is attached to the vocal process of the base of the arytenoid cartilage?
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vocal ligament
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What attaches to the muscular process of the base of the arytenoid C.?
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lateral and posterior cricoarytenoideus M.
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Where do the lateral and posterior cricoarytenoideus M.s attach?
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muscular process of the arytenoid C.
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What are the lateral and posterior cricoarytenoideus M.s important for?
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important in the movement of the vocal cords
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What are the lateral and posterior cricoarytenoideus M.s also known as?
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adduct and abduct cricoarytenoideus M.s
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What is the anterior projection from the base of the arytenoid called?
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vocal process
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What is the lateral projection of the base of the arytenoid called?
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muscular process
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What are two small pieces of Ca. that sit on top of the apex of the arytenoid c?
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corniculate cartilages
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What does the corniculate cartilage sit on top of?
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arytenoid ca.
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What is the location of the corniculate cartilage?
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on top of the apex of arytenoid & embedded in aryepiglottic fold medial to cuneiform ca.
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Which ca. is embedded in the aryepiglottic fold medial to cuneiform ca.?
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corniculate ca.
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Where is the corniculate tubercle?
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posterior medial aspect of the aryepiglottic fold
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What is the slight swelling in the posterior medial aspect of the aryepiglottic fold called?
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corniculate tubercle
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what are the wedge shaped pieces of ca. in the aryepiglottic fold that are lateral to the corniculate ca.?
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cuneiform ca.
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What is the relative size and shape of the cuneiform ca.?
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small, wedge-shaped
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What is the location of the cuneiform ca?
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embedded in the aryepiglottic fold, lateral to the corniculate ca.
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Which ca. of the larynx is not attached to any other ca.?
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cuneiform c.
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What c. is the cuneiform c. attached to?
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none
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Which c. provides strength to the epiglottic fold and helps close off airway during swallowing?
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cuneiform c.
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What are the functions of the cuneiform c.?
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provide strength for the aryepiglottic fold and close off airway during swallowing
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What is the cuneiform tubercle?
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slight swelling in the aryepiglottic fold d/t the underlying cuneiform cartilage
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What is the slight swelling in the aryepiglottic fold d/t the underlying cuneiform cartilage?
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Cuneiform tubercle
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Which tubercle lies lateral to the corniculate tubercle?
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cuneiform tubercle
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What tubercle lies medial to the cuneiform tubercle
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corniculate tubercle
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What happens to the cuneiform tubercle during swallowing?
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brought together and touch the epiglottic tubercle
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During swallowing, what are brought together and touch the epiglottic tubercle?
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cuneiform tubercle
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