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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Primary muscles of expiration
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Abdominal muscles
internal intercostal muscles |
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Origin and insertion of rectus abdominus
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origin- symphsis pubis
insertion- lower ribs |
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Used to determine the strength of the expiratory muscles
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Valsalva maneuver
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What is the effect of inspiration on venous return to the heart
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Increased negative pressure
VC dilates Less resistance Increased blood return |
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What are the two ways that inspiration causes an increase in venous return to the heart
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Decreases intrathoracic P
Increases intrabdominal P |
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Pressure difference across the wall of a blood vessel
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Transmural pressure
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At end-expiration TAP is a reflection of what; how do you calculate it
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intrapleural pressure
reverse the sign |
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2 contributing factors to lung recoil
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recoil of stretched elastic tissue
surface tension phenomena |
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Two values for the IPP at end expiration
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-4 mmHg
-5 cm H2O |
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What are two conditions that will cause a positive IPP
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Active expiration
Positive pressure ventilation |
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Ultimately responsible for inspiration and expiration
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changes in lung volume
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Most important contributer to lung recoil during passive expiration
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surface tension
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In what ways do the abdominal muscles cause expiration
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They decrease lung volume by:
transverse vertical anterior/posterior |
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Causes the negative IPP
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negative inspiratory pressure is in response to lung recoil secondary to the expansion that occured during inspiration
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What happens to IPP and VR during inspiration in negative P breathing
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IPP- decreases
VR- increases |
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What happens to IPP and VR during expiration in negative P breathing
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IPP- increases
VR- decreases |
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What happens to IPP and VR during inspiration in positive P breathing
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IPP- increases
VR- decreases |
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What happens to IPP and VR during expiration in positive P breathing
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IPP- decreases
VR- increases |
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When is a closed tension pneumothorax most likely to occur
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During positive pressure ventilation
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What happens to the IPP during inspiration with a tension pneumo
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IPP decreases
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What happens to IPP during expiration with a tension pneumo
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IPP becomes more positive
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What is the formula for compliance
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Change volume/ change Pressure (IPP)
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What does hysteresis describe? What is believed to cause this
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Dynamic compliance curve
Surface tension |
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Formula for specific compliance
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compliance/ FRC
L/cm H2O/ L |
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What are 3 specific functions of the muscles of expiration when performing forced exhalation
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accelerate exhalation process
increase resp. rate increase volume of air exhaled |
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In relation to expiration, how do internal IC and ab muscles differ
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Abs decrease transverse, vertical, and AP
IIC only decrease transverse and AP |
