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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Prolonged periods of inspiration followed by short, abrupt expirations
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Apneustic
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Rapid, deep breathing observed in diabetic ketoacidosis
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Kussmaul
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Form of periodic breathing characterized by cycles of gradually increasing frequency and depth of breathing
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Cheyne-stokes
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Form of periodic breathing characterized by irregular periods of apnea alternating with periods in which four of five breaths of identical depth are taken
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Biot's
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Decreased amount of oxygen at the tissue level
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hypoxia
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Decreased amount of oxygen in the arterial blood
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hypoxemia
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Oxygen levels above 21%
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hyperoxia
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Deoxy HgB and oxygen saturation levels that cause cyanosis
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5 gm/100 gm 83%
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How does ctx of the external intercostal muscles increase the dimensions of the thorax
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increases transverse and A/P
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Origin of the scalene muscles
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Transverse processes of C2-C7
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Insertion of the Anterior and middle scalene
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1st rib
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Insertion of the posterior scalene
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2nd rib
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Interchondral portion of the internal intercostals are muscles of
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inspiration
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Internal intercostals are muscles of
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expiration
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External intercostals are muscles of
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inspiration
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What function does the sternocleidomastoid serve when acting as an accessory muscle
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lifts up the sternum and raises the upper portion of the thorax
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What function does the scalene serve when acting as an accessory muscle
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Elevate the 1st and second rib
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What function does the pectoralis major serve when acting as an accessory muscle
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helps raise the upper part of the rib cage
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What function does the pectoralis minor serve when acting as an accessory muscle
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Elevates the 3,4,5 rib
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What function does the serratus anterior muscle serve when acting as an accessory muscle
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helps eleveate the rib cage and enlarge the thorax
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4 muscles that immobilize the scapula
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trapezius
levator scapulae rhomboideus major rhomboideus minor |
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Increase in frequency and tidal volume to meet the metabolic needs of the body
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hyerpnea
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Direct effect of muscles of inspiration contracting
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enlargement of the thorax
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Indirect effect of muscles of inspiration contracting
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expansion of the lungs
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Three thoracic dimension changes that occur secondary to the contraction of the external intercostal muscles
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increases lateral dimension
increases A/P increases rigidity |
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What is the insertion of the sternocleidomastoid muscles
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mastoid process of the temporal bone
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CXTN of the right sternocleidomastoid muscle will turn the head
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to the left
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CXTN of the left sternocleidomastoid muscle will turn the head
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to the right
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Determines the strength of the inspiratory muscles
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Muller Maneuver
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enlargement of the alveoli of the respiratory bronchioles; most commonly seen in the apical region
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centriacinar/ centrilobular emphysema
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enlargement of all of the gas exchange airways
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panacinar/ panlobular emphysema
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4 pathological changes that occur with emphysema
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loss of elastic tissue
decrease in bronchiolar support tissue Destruction of alveolar septum and entire alveoli area Destruction of pulm capillary beds |
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2 pathological changes that occur in chronic bronchitis
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increase in goblet cells
hypertrophy/ hyperplasia of mucous glands |
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What is the origin and insertion of the pectoralis major
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origin- clavicle, sternum, costal cartilages of ribs 2-6
insertion- tubercle of humerus |
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Origin and insertion of pectoralis minor
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origin- ribs 3,4,5
insertion- scapula |
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What are the principle muscles of inspiration
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External IC
Interchondral/ Parasternal IC Diaphram Scalenes |
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What are the accessory muscles of inspiration
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Scalenes
Sternocleidomastoid Pectoralis major and minor Serratus anterior |
