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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Endocrine glands
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secretes hormones into the blood stream. (Ductless)
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Exocrine glands
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secretes products to tubes or ducts that empty onto surface.
Ex: Salivary – saliva Sebaceous – oil Sudoriferous - sweat |
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Pituitary
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middle of brain.
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Pineal
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back of the pituitary in brain.
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Thyroid
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neck, below larynx.
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Parathyroid
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on back of thyroid. |
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Thymus |
superior heart. |
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Adrenal |
superior kidney. |
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Pancreas |
beneath stomach in abdomen. |
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Gonads |
testes, ovaries (Pelvis). |
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Hormones |
chemical substances secreted by cells, that regulates metabolism of other cells.
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Target cells |
cells that respond to the hormone. |
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Tropic hormone |
cause release of other hormones. |
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Humoral |
in response to levels of ions and nutrients in blood. Ex: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) = secreted by parathyroid glands. |
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Neural |
in response to the nervous system / nerves. Ex: Epinephrine and norepinephrine = secreted by adrenal gland. |
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Hormonal |
in response to other hormones.Ex: pituitary glands = secretes thyroid stimulating = thyroid glands = release thyroid hormone |
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Growth Hormone (GH) |
TC = muscles, epiphyseal plates of bones A = Stimulates mitosis |
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Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) |
TC = thyroid gland A = cause release of hormones |
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Adrenocortico tropic hormone (TSH) |
TC = Adrenal cortex A = cause release of hormones |
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Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) |
TC = Gonads A = Ovaries - cause the release of hormones - stimulates egg growth in follicle. A = Testes - stimulates sperm production at puberty. |
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Leuitinizing hormone (LH) |
TC = Gonds A = Ovaries - release of hormones - cause of ovulation A = Testes - release of hormones |
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Prolactin (PRL) |
TC = Breast Tissue A = promote lactation (milk production) |
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) |
TC = Kidney A = absorption of H2O, prevents dehydration. |
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Oxytocin |
TC = Uterus, Breast A = promotes milk (ejection), Uterus, causes contraction of muscles in uterus. |
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Hypersecretion (child) |
gigantism |
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Hyposecretion (child) |
dwarfism |
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Hypersecretion (adults) |
acromegaly |
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Which endocrine gland serves both an exocrine and endocrine function? |
Pancreas, |
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Heart |
secretes atrionatriuretic peptide (ANP), regulates blood volume, pressure and Na levels. |
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Gastrointestinal tract (G.I) |
secretes peptide hormone hormone (gastrin). stimulates release of bile and other substances. mobility of G.I tract. |
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Kidneys |
secrete erythropoieten, stimulates erythropoiesis - production of erythrocytes. (RBC's) |
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Skin |
secretes cholecalciferol = inactive form of vitamin D = increase calcium levels. |
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Plasma |
liquid part, manily H2O |
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Formed elements |
cellular parts, 3 blood cells - erythrocytes RBC, leukocytes - WBC, platelets 45% |
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Distribution |
transporting necessary things to body. |
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Regulations |
Ph, body temperature |
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Protection |
WBC = leukocytes = immune response platelets = blood clotting |
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Plasma |
liquid part 90% = H2O 10% = gases, wastes, nutrients, protein and ions. (Red bone marrow) |
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Erythrocytes (RBC) |
S = small, 7.5, bi-concave, a nucleate at maturity lack most organelles. F = transports O2 to cells and tissue, CO2 to be excreted. |
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Hemoglobin |
protein, 4 polypeptide chains, 1 iron atom (Fe) in each chain. |
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Hemotopoeisis |
blood cell production in red blood marrow |
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Erythropoeisis |
RBC production, regulated b eurthropoitin = hormone from kidney. |
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What is the life span of erythrocytes and their fate in the body?
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100-120 days, slow down, lose flexibility. stick to one another get stuck in blood stream.
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Two groups of leukocytes
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Granulocytes - granules in cytoplasm that absorb stain. Neutrophil, Eosinophil, Basophil Agranulocytes - without granules. Monocyte, lymphocyte |
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Diapedesis
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can change shape and leave blood flow.
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Chemotaxis
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leave a chemical trail that leads to injury.
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Neutrophil
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most abundant, absorbs both acidic and basic stains - lilac color, in cytoplasm. F = Phagocytes = bacteria S = 3-6 lobes nucleus multi-lobed |
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Eosinophil
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Absorb acidic stains, reddish cytoplasm. F = bi-lobed nucleus, figure eight.S = parasitic worms. |
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Basophils
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absorbs basic stains S = Fat 'S' shaped nucleus F = release histamine - vasodilater |
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Monocytes
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'U' shaped nucleus kidney shaped nucleus |
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Lymphocyte
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large round / circular nucleus. B - cell lymphocyte - produce antibodies T - cell lymphocyte - virus cancer cells |
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Granulocytes
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(B)asophil (E)osinphil (N)eutrophil |
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Platelets |
Function - blood clotting |
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Hemostasis
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1. vascular spasm - vasoconstriction of blood vessels. slow down blood flow. 2. platelet play formation - platelet arrive at injury area. 3. coagulation - blood turns from liquid to gel. |
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