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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood, heart, blood vessels Transports nutrient, wastes, hormones, immune cells through body |
Cardiovascular system |
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About how many liters off blood in adult human? |
5 liters |
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What color is blood when oxygenate? |
Bright red |
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What color is blood when deoxygenated? |
Dark red |
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Blood separates into what three components when in a centrifuge? |
Plasma, Buffy coat, red blood cells |
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The liquid portion of blood. |
Plasma |
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What's in plasma? |
Water, salts, nutrients, immunity proteins, hormones, wastes |
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What percent of blood is plasma? |
55% |
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What's in Buffy coat? |
White blood cells (glucocytes) and platelets |
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What percent of blood is Buffy coat? |
<1% |
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Another name for red blood cells. |
Erythrocytes |
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What percent of blood is red blood cells? |
45% |
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What is hematocrit? |
Percent of blood volume that is RBCs |
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What is a normal hematocrit range? |
45-55% |
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What is hematopoiesis? |
Production of blood cells |
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This occurs in red bone marrow of large bones. The stem cells divide and generate RBCs. |
Hematopoiesis - RBC production |
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List the white blood cells that are made by stem cells. |
Neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils |
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Another name for white blood cells. |
Leukocytes |
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Megakaryocytes form ____ that are involved in _____ _____. |
Platelets Blood clotting |
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What is the hormone that stimulates RBC formation? |
EPO (erythropoietin) |
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What hormone stimulates platelet formation. |
TPO (thrombopoietin) |
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What is the life cycle of RBCs? |
- EPO stimulates erythropoiesis - RBCs live about 4 months - Spleen & liver remove & breakdown old blood cells from circulation - Hemoglobin & amino acids broken down into bilirubin - Bilirubin secreted by liver as component of bile - Bilirubin enters large intestine and broken down into 2 chemicals |
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Digestive juice secreted into small intestine. |
Bile |
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What makes bile green? |
Bilirubin |
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What 2 chemicals is bilirubin broken down into by bacteria? |
Stercobilin & urobilin |
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Abnormally high RBC count. |
Polycythemia |
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Can result from high altitude exercise. Causes blood to be more viscous. |
Polycythemia |
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Condition where blood is unable to bond or absorb normal amount of oxygen. |
Anemia |
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Sickle cell anemia |
- Mutant/dysfunctional hemoglobin - When lacks oxygen, it binds with other hemoglobin molecules - Causes clumping and RBCs become sickle shaped |
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Sickle cell trait |
- Person had a combination of mutant hemoglobin and normal hemoglobin - At risk for sickle cell anemia under extreme conditions |
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What mineral and vitamin are required to make new hemoglobin? |
Iron & B12 |
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Anemia can be caused by excessive ____. |
Bleeding |
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Ultimate donor blood type. |
O- |
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Universal recipient blood type. |
AB+ |
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Neutrophils |
- Multi lobed - Arrive at scene of tissue injury/infection - Phagocytosis of microbes - Pus made mostly of neutrophils |
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Lymphocytes |
- Second most abundant - Smallest - Large round nucleus - Attack cancer cells, cells with viruses, fight chronic infection - In lymphatic system circulating into blood and back - HIV kills these WBCs |
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Monocytes |
- Third most abundant - Largest - Comma shaped nucleus - Phagocytosis of debris or microbes |
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Eosinophils |
- Fourth most abundant - Weird shaped nucleus - Large red/orange granules in cytoplasm - Fights off parasitic worms and involved in inflammation |
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Basophils |
- Least abundant - Weird nucleus with dark purple granules - Triggering inflammation - Rise to allergic reaction |
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Body's response to bleeding; how the body stops bleeding. |
Hemostasis |
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Smooth muscle at site of blood vessel damage contracts which decreases blood through damaged vessel. |
Vascular spasm |
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Platelet plug formation |
Platelets designed to stick to connective tissue plugging damaged blood vessel |
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Cells near damaged vessel site release enzymes that synthesize fibrin protein. |
Coagulation |
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Three steps of hemostasis. |
Vascular spasm Platelet plug formation Coagulation |
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Thread-like protein that forms a web at damage site. |
Fibrin |
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Name the membranes covering the heart. |
Fibrous pericardium Serous pericardium |
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Two layers of the serous pericardium. |
Parietal pericardium Visceral pericardium (epicardium) |
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Three layers of heart wall. |
Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium |
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Two major circuits of blood through body. |
Systemic Pulmonary |
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Does cardiac muscle tissue require nerve stimulation to contract? |
No |
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Autorhythmic |
Can spontaneously generate electricity and contract |
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Patch of specialized cells that generate electricity every .8 seconds at rest. |
Sinoatrial node |
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Channels electricity down the IV septum to Apex. |
Atrioventricular node |
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Nervous system that controls heart rate. |
Parasympathetic ns |
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Nervous system that controls HR and beating strength. |
Sympathetic ns |
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Electricity in atria contracting them. |
P wave |
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Electricity in ventricles contracting them. Atria recharging. |
QRS wave |
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Ventricles recharging |
T wave |
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Period of contraction. |
Systole |
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Period of relaxation. |
Diastole |
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Atrial systole |
-Atria contracting -P wave -Blood pumped into ventricles |
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Atrial diastole |
-Atria relaxing -End of p wave to beginning of next p wave -Atria fill with blood |
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Ventricular systole |
-Ventricles contract -QRS complex -Blood pumped into pulmonary trunk and aorta |
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Ventricular diastole |
-Ventricles relax -From end of s wave to beginning of q wave -Ventricles fill with blood |
