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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what are the 2 components of the digestive system
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alimentary canal and accessory organs
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what are the components of the alimentary canal
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mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestines large intestines, anus
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what are the components of the accessory organs
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salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas
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what are the 2 types of digestion
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mechanical and chemical breakdown
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what does mechanical digestion involve
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breaking down of food into smaller pieces and doesn't change the chemical make up
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what does chemical digestion involve
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breaks down smaller pieces into simpler chemicals
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what does the break down of smaller pieces into simpler chemicals called
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hydrolysis
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what is ingestion
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taking food or liquid into the body via the mouth
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what is propulsion
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moving food along the alimentary canal
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what is absorption
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the uptake of nutrients molecules
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defecation
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the elimination of undigested material
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what are the four layers of the alimentary canal
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mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa
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what is the layer nearest to the lumen
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mucosa
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what is the tissue type of the mucosa
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simple columnar epithelium
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what are the 3 layers in the mucosa
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simple columnar epithelium, connective tissue, and a thin layer of smooth muscle
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the muscularis mucosae is what layer
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thin layer of smooth muscle
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the muscularis mucosae folds into what
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projections in some areas to increase surface
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what is the submucosa composed of
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thick layer of loose connective tissue
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what are some of the components of submucosa
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blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, glands and nerves
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muscularis externa has what 2 layers
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smooth muscle; circular (inner) and longitudinal (outer)
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what is the outer layer of the canal
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serosa
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what is the serosa also called
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visceral peritoneum
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what 2 types of tissue are in the serosa
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areolar connective tissue surrounded by simple squamous epithelium
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where is the lesser omentum
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between liver and lesser curvature of the stomach
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what is the greater omentum
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attached to greater curvature of stomach and covers the small intestine like an apron
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what does the mesentery do
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holds intestines together
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what is the first portion of the alimentary canal
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mouth
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what is the primary function of the mouth
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mastication
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what are some other functions of the mouth
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speech and senory
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what are structures of the mouth
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cheecks lips tongue palate teeth
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where are teeth located
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sockets of mandibular and maxillary bones
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function of teeth
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break food down into smaller particles
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what is the crown
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portion of tooth above gum
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what is the neck
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connects crown to toot
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what is the root
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portion below gum
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what is the root anchored to
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anchored to alveolar process of the jaw
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what is the ligament in the root that anchored to alveolar process
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periodontal ligament
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what is enamel
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layer that covers the crown
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what is enamel made up of
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calcium salts
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what is the hardest substance in the body
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enamel
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what produces enamel
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ameloblasts
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what is the layer of LIVING tissue underneath the enamel
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dentin
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what produces dentin
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odontoblasts
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what is pulp
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LIVING tissue in center of tooth
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what does pulp contain
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blood vessels nerves and connective tissue
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what contains the pulp
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pulp cavity
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what is the cementum
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layer of bonelike material around root
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what is a root canal
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a passage way for nerves and blood vessels to enter the tooth
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what is the opening at the tip of the root called
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apical foramen
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alveolar socket
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depressions in the mandible and maxilla
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what are the teeth that are temporary called
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deciduous
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how many deciduous teeth do you have
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20-10 per jaw
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how many permanent teeth do you have
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32-16 per jaw
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how do you name teeth
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upper or lower, left or right, diciduous or permanent, number, name
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what does the esophagus connect
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pharynx and stomach
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what lines the esophagus
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stratified squamous epithelium
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what is the esophageal hiatus
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opening in diaphram that esophagus passes through
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function of esophagus
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food passage
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where is the stomach located
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posterior to the diaphragm
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function of stomach
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recieve food and mix with gastric juice
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where is the cardiac region of the stomach
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small area near esophageal opening of stomach
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where is the fundus
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superior dome portion
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what does the fundus do
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temporary food storage
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what is the main part of the stomach
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body-between fundus and pyloric region
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what is the pyloric regions location
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funnel shaped portion near small intestines
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what are the thick folds in the mucosal lining of stomach
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rugae
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what do the rugae do
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allow the stomach to expand
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what is a gastric pit
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depression in mucosa layer
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what does the gastric pit open to
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gastric glands
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what is the pyloric sphincter
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thick circular, muscular valve t
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what does the pyloric sphincter control
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food entering the small intestines from stomach
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how long is the small intestine
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5 m 17 ft
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what is the primary function of small intestines
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nutrient absorption
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what lines the small intestines
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simple columnar epithelium
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