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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA Polymerase
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The enzyme that attaches the nucleotide bases together.
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Ionic Bond
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When atoms steal electrons or give up electrons.
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Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum
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Modifies protein to be shipped out of the cell. Folding.
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Elements
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The fundamental substances that make up all matter.
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Why do atoms come together?
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To fill their valence shell.
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Codon
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The 3 bases on mRNA that are the pattern for 1 amino acid.
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Carbohydrates
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Sugars and Starches
Base unit - Saccharide Bond - Glycosidic bonds |
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Lysosomes
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Highly acidic.
Dissolves amino acids. Breaks down debris. |
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Homeostasis
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Condition in which the body's internal environment remains within certain set physiological parameters.
Equilibrium. Controlled by feedback loops. |
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Facilitated Diffusion
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Moves things from high to low concentration
No energy required. Uses protein carrier molecules. |
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3 Components of a Feedback Loop
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Receptor
Control center Effector |
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Anatomy
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Form and structure of body parts
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Nonpolar molecules
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Balanced molecules. Do not dissolve in water.
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Simple Diffusion
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Moves things from high to low concentration.
No energy required. |
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Leading Strand and Lagging Strand
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The leading strand is copied from one end to another, the lagging strand is copied in small chunks.
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What is mRNA?
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Makes a copy of the gene.
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Name of 3 part of Central Dogma
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Replication
Transcription Translation |
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Life processes
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Make a living thing living.
Respond, Reproduce, Metabolism, Movement, Growth, Differentiation |
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Polar Molecules
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Unbalanced molecules. Will dissolve in water.
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Catabolism
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Breaking down of big molecules into small ones.
Gives off energy. |
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Physiology
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How body parts function
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Lipids
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Fats
Base unit - Fatty Acid Chain Bond - none |
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Matter
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Anything that has weight and takes up space.
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Semiconservative
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In DNA replication, the chromosomes that go to each new cell have one parent and one child chromosome.
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Active Transport
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Requires Energy
Particles move form low concentration to high concentration. |
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Nucleus
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Brain of the cell, has DNA
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Cellular Respiration
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The making of ATP.
Uses oxygen. |
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Hypertonic
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The solution has a higher concentration of salt outside the cell than inside the cell.
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Osmosis
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Water is moved by this.
Moves from high concentration of water to low concentration of water. |
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Covalent Bond
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When atoms share one or more electrons.
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Proteins
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Workhorse of the cell
Base Unit - Amino Acid Bond - Peptide Bond |
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Base unit of DNA and RNA
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Nucleotides
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Metabolism
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Sum of all chemical reactions that occur within the body.
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Enzymes
4 things |
Special Proteins
Name ends in ASE Lowers the activation energy Base unit - amino acid |
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Name 3 differences between RNA and DNA
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RNA can be a single strand
RNA has one less oxygen RNA has uracil instead of thymine |
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Nucleotides are made of 3 things...
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a 5 Carbon Sugar
a Phosphate Group a Nitrogenous Base |
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Okasaki Fragments
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The small segments that are copied on the lagging strand of DNA.
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Anabolism
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Build up big molecules from small ones. Requires energy.
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Isotonic
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The concentration is equal inside and outside the cell.
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Atom
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The smallest complete unit of an element.
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What is Transcription
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When the mRNA gets a copy of the gene.
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What is Translation?
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The making of a protein from the copy.
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What is rRNA?
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It makes up the Ribosomes.
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What is Replication
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The process by which DNA makes a copy of itself in preparation for cell division.
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What is tRNA?
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Brings complimentary amino acids to the A site.
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Name 4 types of nitrogenous bases on DNA
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Adenine
Thymine Guanine Cytosine |
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Hypotonic
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The solution has a lower concentration of salt outside the cell than inside the cell.
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Helicase
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Opens up strands of DNA by breaking the H bonds temporarily.
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Crenation
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When a cell shrinks due to losing water.
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Hypertrophy
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When a cell expands or bursts because of water coming into the cell.
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Phospholipid Bilayer
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The cell membrane that acts like a screen.
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DNA Ligase
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The enzyme that joins the Okasaki fragments together.
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Selectively permeable membrane allows:
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water
co2 oxygen small lilpid soluble molecules. |
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Glycolysis
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First step in making ATP
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Selectively permeable membrane doesn't allow:
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Large things
Charged particles Anything water soluble |
