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150 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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2 main parts of the skeleton
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Axial & Appendicular
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3 major parts of the Axial skeleton
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skull - 29 bones
vertebrae - 26 thorax - 25 |
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4 major parts of Appendicular skeleton
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pectoral girdal - 4
pelvic girdle - 2 upper appendages - 60 lower appendages - 60 |
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what are the 6 different types of bones
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long bones
short bones flat bones irregular bones wormian bones sesamoid bones |
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Definition of long bones
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londer than they are wide ex: femur
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Example of short bones
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fingers, toes
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example of flat bones
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sternum
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example of irregular bones
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vertebrae
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What are wormian bones
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tiny bone found only between skull bones
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What is a sesamoid bone?
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A round bone, ex: patella
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Define epiphysis
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The expanded ends of the long bone
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Define dyaphysis
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shaft of the long bone
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Define medulary cavity
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A canal through the middle of a bone that is completly filled with yellow bone marrow
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Define periosteum
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A membrane that covers the outside of the bone
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Define endosteum
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membrane that lines the medulary cavity
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Articular cartilage is always made of...
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hyline cartilage
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What are ephiphisial plates?
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Growth plates.
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What is the epiphisial line?
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A ridge seen on a bone thats completed its growth. Located in the middle of the growth plate.
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What is the metaphysis?
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It is a line that is seen on a bone that has completed its growth. Located where the growth plate used to be.
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What are the 2 general types of bone?
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Compact & Spoungy
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Define compact bone?
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Dense bone that forms a the shaft of all long bones.
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Define and locate spoungy bone
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Located on the ends of long bones. Contain trabeculae which make bone strong but light in weight.
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What are the 4 types of cells found in bone tissue?
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osteoprogenetor cells
osteoblasts osteoclasts osteocytes |
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Which type of cells are the most primitave of all bone cells and where are they found?
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osteoprogentor. found in a fetus, endosteum and periosteum.
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3 places
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What are is the difference between osteoblasts and osteoclasts?
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Osteoblasts build bone
osteoclasts destroy bone |
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osteocytes are...
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the most mature bones cells and maintain the daily activity of bone tissue.
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The head and the trunk make up the...
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Axial skeleton
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frontal
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forehead - 1
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parietal
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superior sides of skull - 2
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temporal
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on sides, lower and in front of ears. - 2
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occipital lobe
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posterior base of the skull - 1
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sphenoid
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middle base of skull (shaped like a butterfly or bat) -1
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What is known as the keystone of the skull?
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The sphenoid
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middle of sphenoid
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stella torcica - where the pituitary gland rests
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ethmoid
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front floor of the skull, superior eye sockets -1
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nasal
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bridge of nose - 2
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maxillae
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superior jaw bone - 2 (fused)
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zygomatic bone
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cheek bones - 2
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lacrimal
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form the medial eye socket. size of a fingernail - 2
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palatine
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roof of mouth, posterior - 1
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inferior nasal concha
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bumps on the latteral nasal cavity - 2
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vomer
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posterior nasal septum -1
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mandible
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lower jaw bone - 1
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hyoid
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"u" shaped bone that helps anchor the tounge-1
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middle ear bones
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incus, mallus, stapes, all together known as ossicles - 6
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cervical
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the neck - 7
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The thoracic is...
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the upper back - 12
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lumbar
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lower back - 5
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sacrum
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triangular bone in lower vertebral column - 1 (5 fused together)
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cocyx
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tailbone -1
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sternum
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breast bone
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Name the 3 parts of breast bone
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top - menubrium
middle - body/gladeolus zyphoid process |
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true ribs
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directly attached to the sternum by costal (hyline cartilage) - 7 pair
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false ribs
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3 pair are indirectly attached to the sternum by cartilage and 2 pair float
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clavical
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collar bone -2
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scapula
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shoulder blade - 2
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humerous
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upper arm-2
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radius
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latteral lower arm - 2
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ulna
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medial lower arm -2
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carpals
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wrist bones -12
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metacarpals
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hand bones -10
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phylanges
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finger bones -28
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ilium
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upper hip bone -2
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ischium
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lower pelvic bone (the one you sit on)
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Where is the pubis
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medial pelvic bone -2
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femur
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thigh bone -2 longest and heaviest bone in body
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patella
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knee cap -2
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tibia
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medial, thick lower leg bone, weight bearing -2
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fibula
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latteral thin lower leg bone - non weight bearing
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tarsals
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ankle bones-14
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calcaneus
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heel
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talus
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ankle
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metatarsals
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foot bones
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phalanges
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fingers and/or toe bones
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Define bone markings
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all of the visibal features of a bone. Including bumps, holes, ridges, depressions.
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bone markings are usually found...
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where ligaments and membranes attach to a bone or where blood vessels and nerves pass through a bone.
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Define foramen
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a hole through a bone
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foramen magnum
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hole in the base of the skull where the spinal cord attaches to the brain.
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obituator foramen
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largest one, in the pelvic bone where blood vessels and nerves pass up to the spine
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mental foramen
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in the mandible. (tiny)
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supraorbital foramen
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one located above each eye
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infraorbital foramen
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on located below each eye
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vertabral foramen
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in the middle of the vertabrae where the spinal cord passes through
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intervertabral foramen
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on the sides between the vertabrae where spinal nerves exit through
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define fossa
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a cup like depression in a bone
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glenoid fossa
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on the scapula where the humerous articulates
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acetabulum
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on the pelvis bone where the femur articulates
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olecranon fossa
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on the distal anterior ulna
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coronoid fossa
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distal anterior ulna
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Define condyle
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a round knuckle like structure. Always located on the end of a bone. It forms a joint
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Lateral condyle
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on the distal posterior femur
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medial condyle
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on the distal posterior femur
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mandibular condyle
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on the mandible, where it articulates with the skull
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occipital conydle
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on the occipital lobe
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Define the head of a bone
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a round projection on the end of a neck
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Name the 2 locations that have a bone head
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the femur and humerous
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What does the medial and latteral malleous form?
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The ankle.
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where is a malleous located
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Latteral - on the distal fibula
Medial - on the distal tibia |
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In anatomical postition, which bone is latteral, the tibia or the fibula?
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fibula
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Is the ulna located medial or latteral on the arm in anatomical position
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medial
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What is a crest?
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A ridge along the top of a bone.
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iliac crest
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The iliac crest is located on the illium
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What is the linea aspera
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a LINE: a vertical ridge running up and down a bone located on the posterior femur
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Define trochanter
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a large rough projection on the end of a bone
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the greator and lessor trochantor is located on the
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proximal end of femur
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A bone marking called a spine is a...
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sharp short slender projection
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What is used a point of reference for child birth?
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the ischial spine. located on the ischium
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What bone and bone marking do you "sit" on
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the ischial tuberocity on the ischium
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Define tuberocity
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A large rough projection
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What is a meatus
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a canal-like passage through a bone. Ex: the external auditory meatus
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Define a process
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A projection on a bone
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Mastoid process
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round behind the ear
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styloid process
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in front of mastoid process on the behind the ear
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Where is the olecrenanon process
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on proximal ulna, forms the elbow
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transverse process
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sides of vertebra
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spinus process
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back of vertabra
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Where is the accromion process?
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On the scapula above the corocoid process
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corocoid process
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on the scapula
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xiphoid process
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located on the inferior sternum
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odontoid or dens process
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located on the C2 vertabra
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Define a suture
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A joint in an adult skull
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frontal/coronal suture
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between the frontal and parietal bones
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sagital suture
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between parietals
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lambdoidal suture
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between the parital and occipital
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squamous suture
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between the parital and temporal
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fontanels are...
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soft spots in infants
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2 fontanels
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anterolatteral or sphenoid
posterolatteral or mastoid |
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how many bones are in the human body
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206
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What are the 6 functions of bones
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support
protection movement vitamin and mineral storage blood cell formation energy storage |
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Bone formation is called
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ossification
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endorchondral and intramembraneous are the 2 parts of
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ossification
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Desribe the endrochondral process
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Starts with a hyline cartilage model of the body. The process changes the Ph in the cartilage model causing the cartilage to be changed into bone.
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starts with hyline cartialge...
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What part of the bone does the endrochondral process begin in?
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Dyaphysis.
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When does the endrochondral process start
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in the 3rd month of pregnancy
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What happens to the perichardium during the endrochondral process
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the perichondrium covering the cartialge is infiltrated with blood vessels and turns into a periosteum.
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Ostoeprogenetor cells become...
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osteoblasts
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What is the last part of the bone to ossify
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The epiphysis.The ends and in the growth plate is the only place where cartilage is found.
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The intramembraneous process is
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when a bone forms without a cartilage model
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Intrammebraneous is made up of
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a layer of spoungy bone between 2 layers of compact flat bones. Like the sternum.
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After bone forms it must...
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grow
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For bone to grow it needs
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calcium, phosphate, and vitamin d
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The onl place cartilage is found is the....
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growth plate
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The primary ossification center is the
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dyaphysis
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The opposite of proximal is...
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distal
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The middle of the body is the
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medial
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Latteral is
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the outside of the body
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superior
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top
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inferior
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bottom
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What is the C1 vertabrae called?
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Atlas
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What is the C2 vertabrae called?
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Axis
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