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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is an element?
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A chemical element is the simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties.
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What is an atom?
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The basic unit of a chemical element
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What is a molecule?
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A group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction. Ex. H2O or CO2
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What are trace elements?
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a chemical element present only in minute amounts in a particular sample or environment
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What are minerals?
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Inorganic elements of natural occurrence that are extracted from soil by plants and passed up the food chain to humans and other organisms
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Where are protons, neutrons, and electrons found in the atom?
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The protons and neutrons make up the nucleus of an atom while the electrons orbit the atom in outer shells.
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What are valence electrons?
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electrons in outer most shell
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What is an isotope?
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Elements that contain same number of protons but different number of neutrons, so difference in atomic mass
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What is a radioisotope?
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unstable isotopes
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What is an ionic bond?
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The attraction of a cation and anion
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What is dissociation?
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the separation of chemical bonds
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What is an electrolyte?
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substances that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting electricity
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what are free radicals?
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chemical particles with an odd number of electrons
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what is the function of antioxidants?
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neutralize free radicals
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what is a covalent bond?
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bonds formed by sharing electrons
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What is a polar covalent bond?
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covalent bond in which electrons are more attracted to one nucleus than the other, may be single or double
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What is the difference between hydrophilic and hydrophobic molecules?
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-philic are water soluble, -phobic do not dissolve in water
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What is a hydrogen bond?
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It’s a weak attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom in one molecule and a slightly negative oxygen or nitrogen atom in another.
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What does pH measure?
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measures the molarity of hydrogen ion
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What is an acid?
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"proton donor", releases hydrogen ion, can also accept electron pair, above 7 pH
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What is a base?
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"proton acceptor", accepts and neutralizes hydrogen ions, below 7 pH
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What is a buffer?
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chemical solutions that resist changes in pH when acid or base is added
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What are catabolic and anabolic reactions?
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Catabolism consists of energy-releasing decomposition reactions. Anabolic reactions consists of energy storing synthesis reactions, ie. The production of protein or fat
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What are organic macromolecules?
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Huge molecules that include carbon that are found in living things.
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What are enzymes?
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Proteins that function as biological catalysts
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