A&p 1 Chapter 2

Front 1

Matter

Back 1

Anything that has mass and volume

Front 2

Mass

Back 2

The amount of material in a substance

Front 3

Volume

Back 3

The amount of space occupied by a substance

Front 4

Bulk elements

Back 4

Counts for 95% of your body weight includes oxygen carbon hydrogen and nitrogen

Front 5

Nucleus

Back 5

Center of an atom, includes protons and neutrons

Front 6

Protons

Back 6

Positive charge, always same amount of elections when it's an atom

Front 7

Neutrons

Back 7

No charge or neutral, same mass as a proton

Front 8

Electrons

Back 8

Negative charge, no weight/mass, always same amount of protons (if it's an atom)

Front 9

Atomic number

Back 9

How many protons that element has

Front 10

Atomic weight

Back 10

How many protons and neutrons are in the element

Front 11

Isotopes

Back 11

Atoms that have the same protons (atomic #) but different atomic weights (different # of neutrons)

Front 12

Molecules

Back 12

2 or more atoms combined

Front 13

Molecular formula

Back 13

Used to depict the numbers and types of atoms in a molecule ex: h2o

Front 14

Bond

Back 14

Interactions of electrons

Front 15

Ions

Back 15

Atoms that have lost or gained an electron and become electrically charged

Front 16

Cations

Back 16

Atoms that are positively charged, lose an electron

Front 17

Anions

Back 17

Gain an electron, negatively charged

Front 18

Ionic bonds

Back 18

Opposing charges attract

Front 19

Covalent bonds

Back 19

When two atoms share electrons

Front 20

Polar covalent bonds

Back 20

Molecule with an uneven distribution of charges

Front 21

Reactants

Back 21

Starting materials which will be changed by a reaction

Front 22

Products

Back 22

Materials formed at the reactants conclusion

Front 23

Synthesis reaction

Back 23

Taking 2 or more atoms and bonding them making a more complex structure

Front 24

Decomposition reaction

Back 24

Bonds of a reactant molecule break and form simpler molecules, atoms or ions

Front 25

Exchange reaction

Back 25

2 different types of molecules trade positions as bonds are broken and new bonds are formed

Front 26

Organic substances

Back 26

has to have carbon and hydrogen

Front 27

Carbohydrates

Back 27

Molecules we get most of our energy from

Front 28

Sugars

Back 28

simple carbohydrates

Front 29

monosaccharides

Back 29

simple, single sugars-glucose

Front 30

Disaccharides

Back 30

double sugars, lactose, sucrose (table sugar)

Front 31

Polysaccharides

Back 31

many sugars, complex carbohydrate

Front 32

Starch

Back 32

Digestable highly branch of glucose

Front 33

Glycogen

Back 33

Compound glucose molecules stored in liver and skeletal muscle

Front 34

Lipids

Back 34

Fats, organic chemicals that are insoluble in water

Front 35

Fatty acids

Back 35

Building blocks of fats, very long carbon chain with hydrogens attached

Front 36

Triglycerides

Back 36

Contains glycerol and 3 fatty acid portions

Front 37

Phospholipids

Back 37

Glycerol head with 2 fatty acid tails and a phosphate group

Front 38

Amino acids

Back 38

Building blocks of proteins

Front 39

Enzymes

Back 39

Catalyst, can speed up chemical reactions without being used itself

Front 40

Conformation:function

Back 40

Complex 3 dimensional shape that determines how the protein functions

Front 41

Nucleic acids

Back 41

Carry instructions in the form of genes, for building proteins

Front 42

Nucleotides

Back 42

Building blocks of nucleic acids, consist of a 5 carbon sugar, a phosphate group and nitrogenous base

Front 43

RNA

Back 43

Ribonucleic acid , COPY of DNA used to synthesis a protein

Front 44

DNA

Back 44

deoxyribonucleic acid, blueprint or master code where genes are found

Front 45

Electrolytes

Back 45

Substances that release ions in water

Front 46

Salts

Back 46

Bases that react with acid to neutralize, which forms water and electrolytes

Front 47

Acids

Back 47

Electrolyte that disassociates/comes apart to release hydrogen ions

Front 48

Bases

Back 48

A substance that will combine with hydrogen ions

Front 49

pH scale

Back 49

Ranges from 0-14. 7 is neutral, acids on the left side, bases on the right side

Front 50

Normal range for human blood

Back 50

7.35-7.45

Front 51

Alkalosis

Back 51

Blood pH is 7.5-7.8

Front 52

Acidosis

Back 52

Blood that is too acidic 7.0-7.3

Front 53

Buffers

Back 53

Absorb or donate hydrogen ions to resist pH change

Front 54

Inorganic substances

Back 54

Does not have carbon or hydrogen

Front 55

Water

Back 55

is 2/3 of our body weight, most abundant substance, dissolves and transports, absorbs chemicals and transports heat around

Front 56

Oxygen

Back 56

Organelles need oxygen to release energy for metabolism

Front 57

Carbon dioxide

Back 57

A waste product of metabolism

Front 58

Inorganic salts

Back 58

Abundant in body fluids, source of many ions