Ap 1 Ch4 Classical Civilization In The Mediterranean: Greece & Rome_Vocabulary

Front 1

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Zoroastrianism

Back 1

Animist religion that saw material existence as battle between forces of good and evil; stressed the importance of moral choice; righteous lived on after death in “House of Song”; chief religion of Persian Empire.

Front 2

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Cyrus the Great

Back 2

Established massive Persian Empire by 550 b.c.e.; successor state to Mesopotamian empires.

Front 3

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:City State

Back 3

Each had own government, served Greece well, led to rapid rise of civilization in Greece between 800 and 600 b.c.e., trade and common cultural forms developed under it, Sparta and Athens were the two major ones, began as monarchies but developed into more complex and diverse political forms, decline ushered Macedonian conquest.

Front 4

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Hellenism

Back 4

Under aegis, Greek art and culture merged with other Middle Eastern forms. Name derived because of influence of Hellenes as Greeks were known, little political activity under autocratic Hellenistic kings, trade flourished and important science centers were established in Alexandria, saw consolidation of Greek civilization even after political decline in peninsula itself, as well as some important new cultural developments.

Front 5

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Pericles

Back 5

Most famous Greek political figure, dominated Athenian politics in the fifth century b.c.e., aristocrat, part of a democratic political structure in which each citizen could participate in city-state assemblies to select officals and pass laws, ruled through wise influence and negotiation, helped restrain more aggressive views of Athenian democrats, guidance could not prevent war between Athens and Sparta.

Front 6

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Peloponnesian Wars

Back 6

431-404 b.c.e., political decline set in as Athens and Sparta vied for control of Greece.

Front 7

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Macedonia

Back 7

Place from which ambitious kings in the northern part of the peninsula conquered cities, Philip of Macedonia won crucial battle in 338 b.c.e.

Front 8

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Alexander the Great

Back 8

Philip of Macedonia’s son, extended Macedonian empire through the Middle East, across Persia to border of India, and southward through Egypt, empire was short-lived, he died at the age of 33 after 13 years of conquests.

Front 9

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Punic Wars

Back 9

264-146 b.c.e., during which Roman conquest spread more widely, Rome fought armies of Phoenician city of Carthage located on the northern coast of Africa.

Front 10

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Politics

Back 10

Comes from Greek word for city-state polis.

Front 11

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Democracy

Back 11

Word derived from Greek demos "the people", important political alternative in classic Mediterranean society.

Front 12

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Aristocracy

Back 12

Comes from Greek terms meaning "rule of the best".

Front 13

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Tyranny

Back 13

Rule by individual strongmen.

Front 14

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Stoics

Back 14

Hellenistic group of philosophers; emphasized inner moral independence cultivated by strict discipline of the body and personal bravery.

Front 15

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Socrates

Back 15

Born in 469 b.c.e., encouraged pupils to question conventional wisdom on grounds that chief human duty was "improvement of the soul".

Front 16

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Illiad & Odyssey

Back 16

Started a strong epic tradition, attributed to poet Homer (eighth century b.c.e.).

Front 17

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:3 Greek Columns

Back 17

Doric (simplest), Ionic, and Corinthian (most detailed).

Front 18

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Classical

Back 18

Flexible and according to need (for art).

Front 19

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Sophocles

Back 19

Athenian dramatist, wrote Oedipus.

Front 20

Classical Civilization in the Mediterranean: Greece & Rome
Vocabulary:Slavery

Back 20

Key ingredient of classical economy, spread steadily in Rome from the final centuries of the republic.