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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anatomy |
Study of the structure of body systems |
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Physiology |
Study of how the body functions |
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Principle of Complementarity |
A&P are inseparable; structure reflects function and vice versa |
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Levels of Structural Organization |
Chemical, Cellular, Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organismal |
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Integumentary System |
Forms external body covering, protects deeper tissues, synthesizes vitamin D, houses cutaneous receptors and sweat/oil glands |
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Skeletal System |
Protects and supports body organs, framework for muscles to cause movement, blood cells formed within bones, bones store minerals |
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Muscular System |
Allows manipulation of environment, locomotion, and facial expression. Maintains posture, produces heat |
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Nervous System |
Fast acting control system, responds to changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands |
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Endocrine System |
Glands secrete hormones that regulate processes (growth, reproduction, metabolism) of body cells |
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Cardiovascular System |
Blood vessels transport blood (which carries oxygen, carbon dioxide, wastes). The heart pumps blood |
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Lymphatic System |
Returns leaked fluid to blood vessels, disposes of debris in lymphatic stream, houses white blood cells involved in immunity |
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Respiratory System |
Supplies blood with O and removed CO2, gaseous exchange occurs through walls of air sacs in lungs |
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Digestive System |
Breaks down food into absorbable units that enter the blood for distribution to body cells. Indigestible foodstuffs are eliminated as feces |
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Urinary System |
Eliminates nitrogenous wastes from the body. Regulates water, electrolytes and acid-base balance of the blood. |
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Reproductive System |
Overall function is production of offspring. |
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Homeostasis |
Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite continuous outside changes; a dynamic state of equilibrium |
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Homeostasis Control Mechanisms |
Involve continuous monitoring and regulation of many factors/variables; Nervous and endocrine systems accomplish the communication via nerve impulses and hormones |
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Receptor (sensor) |
Monitors the environment |
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Control Center |
Compares input from receptors and determines appropriate response to any deviation from the set point at which the viable is maintained |
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Effector |
receives control signals from control center to induce a change in the variable as needed |
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Negative Feedback |
Response reduces or eliminates a deviation from the set point value; leads to a stable value level for a controlled parameter |
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Positive Feedback |
Response enhances the original stimulus (often a component routine in a larger process); May exhibit a cascade or amplifying effect' Usually controls infrequent events |
