Aos 1: Energy And Global Warming

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Kinetic Energy

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Energy in motion, energy associated with an objects speed i.e a moving car or electricity

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Potential Energy

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Stored energy that has the potential to be released to do work i.e gravitational, chemical

Example: coal

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Mechanical Energy

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Energy Acquired by the objects upon which work is done.

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Gravitational Potential Energy

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Is energy an object possess because of it'd position in a gravitational field. Also called height energy.

Examples include Lifting a ball above your head.

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Chemical Energy

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Is the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction or, to transform other chemical substances.

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Law of conversion of energy: 1st Law of Thermodynamics

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"Energy can neither be destroyed nor created, but may be converted from one form to another"

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Law of conversion of energy: 2nd Law of Thermodynamics

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"When Energy is converted from one form to another, some of it becomes degraded to a lower quality of energy" - This energy is less 'useable' and in most conversions is in the form of light or heat.

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Energy Efficency

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Using less energy in order to provide an equal or better sevice

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Calculating energy efficency

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energy efficency (%)= (useful energy output / total energy input) X 100

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Renewable Energy

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A term used to express a long-term availability of a certain source of energy. Renewable energy is not used at a faster rate then it can be replenished. Replenishment can also be fairly rapid.

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Types of Renewable energy include:

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Solar

Wind

Water/wave

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Solar Energy

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Radient energy emitted by the sun used for energy

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Wind Energy

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Electrical energy obtained through the harnessing of wind with wind turbines or wind mills.

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Water/Wave Energy

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Involves the transport of of energy by the ocean surface waves.

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Non-renewable energy

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Exists in limited deposits and are replaced over long periods of geological time- they are used at a faster rate than they are being replaced.

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Exothermic Reactions

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A reaction that releases heat i.e the combustion of natural gas for cooking

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Endothermic Reactions

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Reactions that take up heat i.e photosythesis

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Combustion

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Is a chemical reaction that occurs between a fuel and a oxidizing agent producing energy. This is used to release potential energy from sources e.g coal.

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Fossil Fuel: Natural Gas

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-Mainly made of methane

-Some trace amounts of other hydrocarbons

-This Fossil Fuel is relativly clean when compared to other fossil fuels

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Fossil Fuel: Oil

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-Petroleum (crude oil) is a mix of various hydrocarbons

-Undergos a process known as fractional distillation in order for the energy to be harnessed from it.

-Global oil reserves are much smaller than coal reserves

-Oil reserves are concentrated in the middle east

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Fractional distillation

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A process by which components are separated according to their different boiling points .Vapors from a boiling solution are passed along a column. The temperature of the column gradually decreases along its length. Components with a higher boiling points condense and return to the solution ; components with a lower boiling points pass through the column and are collected.

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Nuclear Energy

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The energy released during nuclear fission or fusion, especially when used to generate electricity.

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Bio mass energy

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Renewable organic materials, such as wood, agricultural crops or wastes, and municipal wastes, especially when used as a source of fuel or energy. Biomass can be burned directly or processed into biofuels such as ethanol and methane.

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Geothermal Energy

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Geothermal energy is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter.

Is easily described as potential energy obtained using warm water from hot rocks.

Example: Hot springs

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Greenhouse effect

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Is a natural process that enables life on earth. Without the natural greenhouse effect, the planet would be a cold and lifeless planet.

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Enhanced Greenhouse effect

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An increased amount of greenhouse gases are produced due to human activity which traps more heat in the atmosphere leading to global warming.

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Ocean Acidification

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Increased CO2 uptake threatens the viability of marine productivity. The ocean absorbs about a quarter of the CO2 we release each year. This has negative effects on many organisms affecting many fisheries, coral reefs etc

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Biodiversity

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The variety of plant and animal life in the world or in a particular habitat, a high level of which is usually considered to be important and desirable.

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Weather extremes

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The enhanced greenhouse effect will cause prolonged heat waves and droughts as well as increased flooding, tropical storms etc

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Human health

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Increased fatalities from heat, spread of tropical diseases such as malaria and increases in respiratory diseases and allergies. Caused by weather extremes (particulary in 3rd world countries)

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Argriculture

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Shifts in growing areas due to degraded landscapes potentially leading to income reductions

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Geosequesation

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Injecting large amounts of CO2 into the ground (hiding not solving the problem)

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Finite resource (non-renewable resource)

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A resource that is concentrated or formed at a rate very much slower than its rate of consumption and so, for all practical purposes, is non-renewable.