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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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1. What is the MCC of aortic stenosis?
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a. Bicuspid aortic valve
b. Unicuspid can also cause condition |
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2. What causes tricuspid aortic stenosis?
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a. Inflammation
b. Seen in CAD, congenital, or rheumatic valvular disease |
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3. What is the normal area of the aortic valve?
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a. 3-4 cm^2
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4. How does the heart compensate for aortic stenosis?
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a. LVH
b. Soon becomes right sided heart failure, pulmonary edema, and a-fib |
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5. What are the ssx of aortic stenosis?
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a. Angina
b. Dyspnea c. Early syncope/sudden deaths |
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6. What is the classification of aortic stenosis based on area?
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a. Mild→ 1.5-3 cm^2
b. Moderate→ 1.1-1.5 cm^2 c. Severe→ .8-.1 cm^2 d. Critical→ <.8 cm^2 |
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7. What is the classification of aortic stenosis based on pressure gradient?
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a. Mild→ <10 mmHg
b. Moderate→ 10-25 mmHg c. Severe→ 25-50 mmHg d. Critical→ 50-100 mmHg |
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8. How do you dx aortic stenosis?
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a. H&P
b. ECG c. Echo d. Cardiac cath |
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1. What will a PE reveal in aortic stenosis?
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a. Systolic murmur→ harsh and raspy
b. Carotid pulse delay c. Apical precordial lift d. Paradoxical split S2 e. S4 |
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10. What is the ECG evidence of aortic stenosis?
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a. Tall R waves in V3-V6
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11. What is the tx for aortic stenosis?
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a. Aortic balloon valvotomy
b. Abx prophylaxis |
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12. What meds should be avoided in aortic stenosis?
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a. Vasodilators
b. ACE inhibitors |
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13. What is the MCC of aortic regurgitation?
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a. Bicuspid aortic valve
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14. What happens to the left ventricle in aortic regurgitation?
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a. Eccentric LV hypertrophy
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15. What are the ssx of aortic regurgitation?
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a. Fatigue
b. Dyspnea on exertion c. Orthopnea d. Carotid artery pain→ advanced |
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16. What will a PE reveal in aortic regurgitation?
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a. Hyperactive apical impulse
b. Early diastolic blowing murmur c. Austin flint murmur |
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17. What is an Austin Flint murmur?
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a. Second murmur in aortic regurgitation
b. Heard at apex c. Due to aortic valve regurgitant jet striking open anterior mitral leaflet |
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18. What is Corrigan’s pulse?
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a. Sharp upstroke with rapid decline of carotid pulse
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19. What is Duroziez’s sign?
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a. Femoral artery systolic and diastolic bruits
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20. What is DeMusset’s sign?
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a. Head bobbing
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21. What is Quincke’s pulse?
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a. Blanching in capillary beds
b. Pulsing reperfusion |
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22. What is Hill’s sign?
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a. Increase in femoral systolic pressure of 40 mmHg over brachial arterial pressure
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23. What is the ECG evidence of aortic regurgitation?
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a. LVH
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24. How do you dx aortic regurgitation?
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a. Echocardiogram
b. Color-flow Doppler |
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25. How do you medically tx aortic regurgitation?
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a. Nifedipine
b. ACE In c. Hydralazine d. Nitroprusside→ acute e. Abx prophylaxis |
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26. What do you surgically tx aortic regurgitation?
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a. Valve replacement before the ejection fraction falls below 55%
b. OR before LV end-systolic dimension is greater than 55 mm |
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1. What are the ssx of pulmonic stenosis?
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a. Angina
b. Syncope c. RV failure |
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64. What will a PE of pulmonic stenosis reveal?
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a. Early systolic click
b. Systolic ejection murmur |
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65. How do you dx pulmonic stenosis?
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a. Echo
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1. What is the tx of pulmonic stenosis?
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a. Balloon dilation in early childhood
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67. What is the MCC of pulmonic regurgitation?
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a. Ring dilation due to pulmonary HTN
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68. How do you dx pulmonic regurgitation?
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a. Blowing diastolic murmur
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