Aom Embraer 170 Engine

Front 1

What types of engines are on the aircraft?

Back 1

Two General Electric CF-34-8E5

Hi-bypass, 2-spool, axial flow, turbo-fan

Front 2

How much thrust do the engines produce?

Back 2

13,800 - 14,200 lbs

Front 3

Describe N1 spool?

Back 3

Single-stage fan 4-stage LP turbine

Front 4

Describe N2 spool?

Back 4

10-stage compressor (gas generator)
2-stage HP turbine

Front 5

How many igniters per engine?

Back 5

2 per engine

Front 6

How many igniters activate for engine start?

Back 6

Ground 1 igniter (switch in AUTO) Flight 2 igniters (switch in AUTO)

Front 7

What happens when the ignition switch is selected to OVRD?

Back 7

Activates both igniters on the ground or in flight

Front 8

Can the igniters be turned off during flight?

Back 8

The switch may be moved to the OFF position but the FADEC disregards the command The OFF position is used for dry motoring

Front 9

What controls the engine?

Back 9

A two-channel FADEC
One channel is active and the other channel remains in standby as a backup

Front 10

Is only 1 FADEC channel used every flight?

Back 10

Yes, They automatically alternate with each engine start

Front 11

What does the cyan line on the N1 gauge represent during approach? When does it appear?

Back 11

The minimum N1 for bleed requirements in icing conditions Configured for landing < 1200' RA

Front 12

What sources are available for engine starting?

Back 12

APU
Ground source (air cart)
Opposite engine
Windmill start

Front 13

Does the FADEC provide engine start protection?

Back 13

Only on the ground for:
Hot start
Hung start
No light-off

Front 14

What will the FADEC automatically do in case of a Hot Start?

Back 14

FADEC will not allow FF if ITT > 120ºC
FADEC will automatically dry motor engine and introduce fuel when ITT <120ºC

Front 15

What does WML mean on the engine indications?

Back 15

Windmilling engine
The FADEC has detected a flame-out and is attempting an auto re-light.
Or,
An assisted start has been commanded

Front 16

What provides underspeed and overspeed protection?

Back 16

The FADEC via the FMU
Approx. 52% N2 and 102% N2

Front 17

What happens after 3 overspeed detection events?

Back 17

FADEC will not re-light the engine

Front 18

What heats the fuel and cools the engine oil?

Back 18

Fuel/Oil heat exchanger

Front 19

What is ATTCS? What controls it?

Back 19

Automatic Take-off Thrust Control System Provides max thrust reserve (RSV) according to current rate previously selected via the MCDU FADEC controlled

Front 20

What will trigger an ATTCS event?

Back 20

N1 difference > 15% between engines
Engine failure during TOGA
Windshear detected

Front 21

When is thrust reverse available?

Back 21

Weight-on-wheels (ground use only)

Front 22

What happens if a thrust reverser inadvertently deploys?

Back 22

FADEC limits respective engine thrust to IDLE

Front 23

What engine thrust rating(s) may only be used for 5 minutes?

Back 23

TO-1
TO-RSV (TL beyond TOGA)
GA (two-engine go-around)
GA-RSV (one-engine go-around or windshear)

Front 24

What is FLEX?

Back 24

Reduced takeoff thrust based on assumed temperature (telling the FADEC that it is warmer than it actually is so it will reduce the thrust)

Front 25

Can the FLEX thrust be reduced lower than CLB thrust?

Back 25

No

Front 26

If you are in maximum reverse thrust and let go of the thrust levers what would happen?

Back 26

They would move to minimum reverse thrust (pull against a spring to go to maximum)

Front 27

What does an Amber REV indicate on the EICAS?

Back 27

Thrust reverser is in transit (green is fully deployed, red is discrepancy)

Front 28

Where is the Assumed Temp displayed?

Back 28

On the EICAS right below the ATTCS display

Front 29

During a ground start when is ignition provided?
What is the ignition sequence?

Back 29

At 7% N2 - Ignition
At 20% N2 - Fuel Flow and N1 increasing
At Light off (within 5 seconds after Fuel Flow increasing) - ITT increase
At 50% N2 - Starter cutout- IGN A or B extinguishes
- Oil Pressure - Positive Indication

Front 30

What is the Maximum Thrust in GA? GA RSV?

Back 30

13000 (2 eng operating) 14,200 (1 eng)

Front 31

Does the FADEC protect against hot or hung starts for in-flight engine starts?

Back 31

No

Front 32

What action must be taken if the auto-relight does not occur within 30 seconds?

Back 32

The start should be manually terminated by moving the START/STOP selector knob to the STOP position.

Front 33

What provides the interlock function to protect against inadvertent thrust reverser deployment and stowing?

Back 33

The FADEC.

Front 34

What position must the thrust levers be in to enable the thrust reverser trigger?

Back 34

Idle

Front 35

What happens to the thrust reverser within 3 seconds after an engine inoperative condition is detected?

Back 35

The thrust reverser trigger cannot be released.

Front 36

How many channels does the FADEC have?

Back 36

2, one channel is always active, while the other is an automatic backup.

Front 37

How is the FADEC powered?

Back 37

By its own alternator, backed up by aircraft power.

Above about 50% N2 the FADEC is powered by the Permanent Magnet Alternater: PMA. Below this or in case the PMA is inop; the airplane's electrical system is the backup.

Front 38

What indication would you see when the ATTCS has been activated?

Back 38

The green ATTCS indication on the EICAS disappears and the cyan thrust mode will be displayed with an additional “RSVâ€ indication.

Front 39

Thrust Reversers Limitations 6

Back 39

1. Ground use only
2. Full Stop Landings
3. Do not attempt a go-around after deployment
4. Powerback using thrust reverses are prohibited
5. Reduce reverse thrust to IDLE below 60 KIAS
6. After selecting reverse thrust, do not move the thrust levers into the forward thrust range until the REV icon on the EICAS is shown in amber or green.

Front 40

Single Engine taxi's are not authorized when?

Back 40

Braking action on taxiways & ramp less the Good.
RVR less then 1,200 ft
Stations that require power-out taxi

Front 41

What are the stable engine Indications after a start?

Back 41

N1 27%
ITT 460ºC
N2 62%
Fuel Flow Approx 550lbs/hr
Oil Pressure >25PSI

Front 42

When would N1 gauge say FAIL and when would it say OFF

Back 42

Amber FAIL = Engine has flamed out or shutdown without pilot action
Cyan OFF = displayed when engine has been shut down in flight by pilot action.

Front 43

When does red line on ITT gauge change to amber?
When would the red line appear in flight?

Back 43

After the end of the takeoff phase the red line changes to amber.
The red line will be shown in flight if ITT goes above the CON thrust rating limit.

Front 44

Describe the path of the fuel from tank to engine.

Back 44

From the fuel tanks the fuel first flows into the low pressure fuel pump. From there it divides into two paths.
a. One flows through the high pressure fuel pump and returns to tank as motive flow.
b. The other flows through the fuel/oil heat exchanger to the fuel filter. Once filtered it leaves the FMU and passes through the high pressure pump before returning to FMU and on to the fuel injectors which atomize the fuel and direct it into the combustion chamber.

Front 45

Describe the Fuel Metering Unit

Back 45

The FMU is controlled by the FADEC. It meters and distributes the proper amount of fuel under all operating conditions. The FMU controls the shutoff valve used during all normal shutdowns and provides overspeed protections.

Front 46

Describe the Variable Geometry Actuator.

Back 46

The Variable Geometry Actuator consists of two fuel driven actuators controlled by the FADEC via the FMU.
The purpose of the actuators is to optimize the position of the compressor stators as a function of corrected N2 to provide optimum compressor efficiency.

Front 47

What do the fuel injectors do?

Back 47

They atomize the fuel coming from the FMU and direct it into the combustion chamber.

Front 48

What does the engine oil system protect?

Back 48

The engine oil system lubricates and cools the turbine engine main shaft bearings and the accessory gear box.

Front 49

Describe the engine oil filter's protections

Back 49

Bypass valve: permits oil flow if filter becomes clogged. The filter impending bypass switch monitors the differential pressure at the filter.
Relief Valve: allows high viscosity oil to bypass during cold start conditions.

Front 50

Describe the two components of the engine starting system.

Back 50

Air Turbine Starter (ATS)
Starter Control Valve (SCV)

The FADEC opens the Starter Control Valve - providing bleed air. The Air Turbine Starter is a Turbine that accelerates the engine to a self sustaining rpm level.
The FADEC will close the SCV when the starter cutout speed is reached.

Front 51

What can be different for an inflight cross bleed start vs a ground start if N2 has not reached 20% after 15 seconds?

Back 51

The FADEC will automatically control fuel flow by opening the metering valve if N2 has not reached 20% after 15 seconds.

Front 52

What is the start sequence for a windmilling start?

Back 52

The FADEC commands ignition at 7% N2 and fuel flow at 7.2% N2 or after 15 seconds whichever occurs first.

Front 53

When would an auto relight be considered unsuccessful?

Back 53

If the relight does not occur within 30 seconds after fuel flow is started or N2 falls below 7.2% the auto relight should be manually terminated by moving start stop selector to stop.

Front 54

When would an auto relight be considered unsuccessful on the ground?

Back 54

During ground ops - auto relight attempts are terminated and fuel is shutoff if the engine rpm falls below 52 percent N2

Front 55

Describe the T2 sensor.

Back 55

The T2 sensor monitors the engine inlet air temperature for use in FADEC control calculation.

Front 56

What provides power to the FADEC

Back 56

Above 50% N2 the FADEC is powered by the Permanent Magnetic Alternator. Below this value or if PMA becomes inop the airplane's electrical system provides the power.

Front 57

List some of the areas the FADEC has control over (7)

Back 57

Engine Fuel Metering Unit
Variable Geometry Valve - to improve N1 efficiency.
Bleed valve - to set the engine bleed extraction.
T2 sensor heater - to prevent ice accum.
Thrust reverser actuation - to adjust and control N1 values.
Engine starting - to optimize temps, start up times and provide protections.
Ignition for engine start and dry motoring.
ATTCS

Front 58

List the Engine Thrust Ratings (8)

Back 58

Takeoff(TO-1,-2)
Takeoff Reserve (TO-1 RSV, -2)
Go-Around (GA)
Go-Around Reserve (GA-RSV)
Maximum Continuous Thrust (CON)
Max Climb (CLB-1, -2))
Max Cruise (CRZ)
Idle

Front 59

Describe the Constant Speed Drive

Back 59

Converts the engine RPM into constant RPM to provide a consistent power supply to the IDG.

Front 60

What is the FADEC?

Back 60

The FADEC controls the operation, performance, and efficiency characteristics of the engine.