Aoa Ch 2

Front 1

Name the seven bones that form the orbit.

Back 1

Maxilla

Frontal

Zygomatic

Ethmoid

Lacrimal

Palantine

Sphenoid

Front 2

Three basic functions of the eyelids are:

Back 2

1. Replenish and spread tear film evenly across the surface of the eye.

2. Regulate the amount of tear fluid in the eyes.

3. Protect the eye.

Front 3

Rapid, forceful closure of the eyelids that protects the eye from foreign bodies and excessive light is called:

Back 3

Reflex blinking

Front 4

the palpebral fissure, which is the space between the eyelids, normally measures:

Back 4

10 mm

Front 5

Blepharospasm

Back 5

A condition in which the lids are so tightly closed they cannot be opened.

Front 6

Ptosis

Back 6

Drooping of the upper lid.

Front 7

Ectropion

Back 7

The eyelid turns outward due to loss of elasticity of lid tissues.

Front 8

Entropian

Back 8

An inward turning of the lids, causing eyelashes to scratch the eye.

Front 9

The ______ ______ is the muscle responsible for eyelid closure.

Back 9

orbicularis oculi

Front 10

The muscle responsible for eyelid retraction is called _________.

Back 10

levator palpebrae superioris

Front 11

An iinternal hordeolum is caused by a blockage of the _______

Back 11

meibomian, or tarsal glands

Front 12

The mucous membrane that covers the inside of the eyelids and the outside of the globe is known as:

Back 12

the conjunctiva

Front 13

Inflammation of the conjunctiva is:

Back 13

conjunctivitis

Front 14

Goblet Cells

Back 14

Produce mucus to aid in the stability of tear film.

Front 15

Glands of Krause and Wolfring

Back 15

Produce the watery later of the tear film in conjunction with the lacrimal gland.

Front 16

Glands of Zeiss

Back 16

Produce oil to protect the eyelashes from drying out and becoming brittle.

Front 17

Glands of Moll

Back 17

Sweat glands found in the lid margin.

Front 18

Name the 3 layers of tear film:

Back 18

Oily, watery, and mucin.

Front 19

List the 4 functions of the lacrimal system

Back 19

1. Provide smooth, optically clear corneal surface

2. Wash away debris and cellular waste

3. Transport oxygen to the cornea

4. Inhibit growth of bacteria

Front 20

List the anatomy flow if tears in order:

Back 20

puncta

canaliculi

lacrimal sac

nasolacrimal duct

Front 21

The fluids, or "humors," that help maintain the shape of the eye are:

Back 21

aqueous and vitreous

Front 22

The function of the cornea is to:

Back 22

to focus / refract light

Front 23

The cornea receives oxygen and nutrients from:

Back 23

The fluid in front of and behind it and conjunctival blood vessels.

Front 24

List 3 conditions that could cause corneal neovascularization.

Back 24

edema

inflammation

inadequate tear film oxygen content

Front 25

Which best describes the layers of the human cornea?

Back 25

Epithelium

Bowman's membrane

Stroma

Descemet's membrane

Endothelium

Front 26

A condition in which the cornea thins and bulges forward is known as _________.

Back 26

keratoconus

Front 27

The medical term for the "white of the eye" is _________.

Back 27

sclera

Front 28

The term for a pooling of blood between the conjunctiva and episclera is called:

Back 28

Subconjunctival hemorrhage

Front 29

The __________ muscle causes the pupil to constrict in bright light.

Back 29

sphincter

Front 30

The ________ muscle is responsible for opening the pupil in dark conditions.

Back 30

dilator

Front 31

Describe the two major functions of the ciliary body.

Back 31

1. Produce aqueous humor

2. Accommodation

Front 32

When the optic nerve damage is present because the rate of aqueous drainage is not equal to the production of aqueous, the following condition is diagnosed:

Back 32

glaucoma

Front 33

The type of drug used to paralyze accommodation is a _________.

Back 33

cycloplegic

Front 34

Loss of focusing ability that relates to the process of aging is called:

Back 34

presbyopia

Front 35

The choroid lies between the __________ and the _________.

Back 35

sclera, retina

Front 36

The part of the retina that is used when reading an eye chart is the:

Back 36

macula

Front 37

The retina is comprised of ______ layers.

Back 37

10

Front 38

Explain the reason viewing color is more difficult in dim illumination.

Back 38

Cones , which are responsible for color discrimination, are stimulated by light.

Front 39

Describe the function of the eye's crystalline lens.

Back 39

Allows focus on near objects (accommodation)

Front 40

Cloudiness of this lens is known as a _______.

Back 40

cataract

Front 41

At what point do the fibers of the nasal retina of each eye cross in the visual pathway?

Back 41

chiasm

Front 42

What type of visual field defect will be present if damage occurs to this area?

Back 42

bitemporal hemianopsia

Front 43

List the 6 extraocular muscles:

Back 43

1. medial rectus

2. inferior rectus

3. lateral rectus

4. superior rectus

5. superior oblique

6. inferior oblique

Front 44

An eye movement in which both eyes move toward the nose is called?

Back 44

convergence