Anti-Infectives

Front 1

Pathogenicity

Back 1

The ability of an organism to cause infection

Front 2

Virulence

Back 2

The power of a microorganism to produce disease

Front 3

Invasiveness

Back 3

The ability to grow rapidly and cause direct damage

Front 4

Gram-positive

Back 4

Thick cell wall

Front 5

Gram-negative

Back 5

Thinner cell wall

Front 6

Bacteriocidal

Back 6

Kill bacteria

Front 7

Bacteriostatic

Back 7

Slow growth

Front 8

Penicillins (drug names)

Back 8

1. Ampicillins
2. Amoxicillins
3. Pipercillins

Hint 8

3

Front 9

Penicillins (what they take care if)

Back 9

Gram-positive

Hint 9

Gram....

Front 10

Sinus and upper respiratory infections

Back 10

Penicillins

Front 11

Effective against HAI

Back 11

Penicillins

Front 12

Penicillins (side effects)

Back 12

GI upset, rash, fever, pruritus

Front 13

Cefactor (ceclor)

Back 13

gram-negative coverage

• gram-negative coverage• 2nd generation

Hint 13

2

Front 14

• Cefotaxime (claforan)
• ceftriaxone (rocephin)

Back 14

1. 3rd generation
2. Gram negative coverage
3. Longer duration
4. Less frequent dosing

Hint 14

Gen, coverage, dosing?

Front 15

Cefipime (maxipime)

Back 15

1. CNS penetration
2. 4th generation

Hint 15

Penetration. .. generation

Front 16

Ceftaroline (teflaro)

Back 16

MRSA coverage

Hint 16

What is it used for

Front 17

Imipenem-cilastain (primaxin)

Back 17

Broad spectrum

Hint 17

What does it kill?

Front 18

Carbapenems (side effects)

Back 18

• GI upset
• thrombophlebitis at inject site
• seizures with CNS or renal disease

Front 19

Aminoglycosides (drug names)

Back 19

1. Gentamycin (garamycin)
2. Streptomycin

Front 20

Gentamycin (garamycin)

Back 20

Gram-negative

Hint 20

Gram...

Front 21

Gentamycin (garamycin) (side effects)

Back 21

1. Anaphylaxis
2. Nephrotoxicity
3. Irreversible ototoxicity
4. Superinfections

Hint 21

4, ANIS

Front 22

Gentamycin (garamycin) (monitor)

Back 22

1. Pre-existing hearing loss
2. Renal disease
3. Urinary output
4. Peak & trough

Front 23

4 gram negative bacteria

Back 23

Salmonella, pseudomonas, klebsiella, escherichia coli

Front 24

3 gram negative bacteria

Back 24

Streptococci, stephylococci, enterococci

Front 25

3 causes of c-diff

Back 25

1. Improper cleaning of environment
2. Caretakers not washing their hands
3. Broad spectrum or high dose ABT
4. Proton pump inhibitors
5. Tube feedings

Front 26

Broad spectrum penicillins used mostly for sinus, upper respiratory and urinary tract infections

Back 26

Amoxicillin & ampicillin

Front 27

This class is contraindicated if allergic to PCN

Back 27

Cephalosporin

Front 28

1st generation cephalosporin that is used to treat respiratory infections, GI, GU, endocarditis and meningitis

Back 28

Cephalexin (Keflex)

Front 29

4th generation cephalosporin that is used for really serious infections (pneumonia, UTI & GI) and are capable of CNS penetration

Back 29

Cefipime (maxipime)

Front 30

Which group of antibiotics adverse effects consists of severe photosensitivity, causes tooth discoloration if used in children or during pregnancy, contraindicated for children <8 years old, & outdated prescriptions can be nephrotoxic

Back 30

Tetracycline

Front 31

Which class of antibiotics causes big time GI problems (esp C-diff)

Back 31

Clindamycin (Cleocin)

Front 32

Which class of antibiotics covers anaerobes as well as multicellular parasites making this group the BEST antibiotic for GI infections

Back 32

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Front 33

These classes of antibiotics are used to cover vancomycin resistance enterococci

Back 33

Quinpristin-dalfpristin (Synercid) & linezolid (Zyvox)

Hint 33

2

Front 34

What antibiotics cause red man syndrome

Back 34

Vancomycin, ciprofloxacin, amphotericin b, rifampicin, and teicopkanin

Front 35

What should the nurse do if a patient experiences red man syndrome

Back 35

Stop infusion, call MD & be prepared to administer diphenhydramaine

Front 36

Used to treat MRSA - side effect is red man syndrome, needs a peak & trough & can be nephro & ototoxic

Back 36

Vancomycin

Front 37

3 tests to diagnose TB

Back 37

1. PPD
2. CXR
3. Sputumn

Front 38

Aminoglycosides 2 major side effects

Back 38

Ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity

Front 39

Primaxin belongs to which class of antibiotics

Back 39

Carbapenems

Front 40

What is a superinfection & what type of antibiotics are most likely to cause this?

Back 40

• Host flora get destroyed by ABT
• broad spectrum ABT kill multiple species

Front 41

What 2 infections are responsible for most frequent cause of death in U.S

Back 41

• flu
• pneumonia

Front 42

4 ways to prevent resistance to antibiotics

Back 42

1. Finish coarse of antibiotics as prescribed
2. Limit unnecessary use of antibiotics
3. Culture the infection to be sure you are using the right antibiotic
4. Prevention of infection & spread of it

Front 43

1st generation cephalosporin

Back 43

Cephalexin (Keflex)

Cephazolin (Ancef)

Hint 43

2 antibiotics, x & z

Front 44

2nd generation cephalosporin

Back 44

Cefaclor (ceclor)

Hint 44

1 antibiotic, facs

Front 45

3rd generation cephalosporin

Back 45

Cefotaxime (claforan)

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Hint 45

2 antibiotics, tri - tax

Front 46

4th generation

Back 46

Cefipime (Maxipime)

Hint 46

1 antibiotic, 4 the pi!

Front 47

5th generation cephalosporin

Back 47

Ceftarolin fosamil (Teflaro)

Hint 47

1 antibiotic, tar

Front 48

2 most common drugs for TB

Back 48

Rifanpin (rifadin) & isoniazid (INH)

Front 49

INH can cause this deficiency but taking this supplement can help prevent peripheral neuropathy.

Back 49

B6

Front 50

What is the black box warning for INH

Back 50

Hepatotoxicity -look for jaundice

Front 51

What lab test are done while on INH

Back 51

Liver function

Front 52

This TB medication causes orange urine, tears, saliva, and sweat- acute renal failure, GI distress, blood dyscrasias, and speeds up metabolism of contraceptives and warfarin

Back 52

Rifampin

Front 53

This TB med causes increased uric acid, gouty arthritis, and must do a baseline & periodic uric acid labs

Back 53

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

Front 54

This TB med causes optic neuritis and can produce a change in red/ green color vision- baseline abd periodic visual acuity tests are recommended

Back 54

Ethambutol (myambutol)

Front 55

Tyromine- containing foods

Back 55

Chocolate, aged cheese, wine

Front 56

This group should be used with caution with hypertension, SSRIs, & tyromine containing foods

Back 56

Linezolid (zyvox)

Front 57

This antibiotic's adverse effects are metallic taste, nausea, H/A & dry mouth

Back 57

Metronidazole (Flagyl)

Front 58

Must take food with this antibiotic class - no dairy or iron

Back 58

Tetracycline

Front 59

This broad spectrum antibiotic is first choice for UTI -unless a high resistant area- but must drink plenty of fluids to avoid crystals in the urine

Back 59

Sulfonamides

Front 60

Are contraindicated during pregnancy & <18 years old; adverse effects: long QT, hepatotoxicity, tendonitis or rupture (>60 or concurrent steroid use)

Back 60

Fluroquinolones

Front 61

Multivitamins or minerals are contraindicated for this group of antibiotics

Back 61

Fluroquinolones

Front 62

Erythromycin, azithromycin & clarithromycin belong to this group

Back 62

Macrolides

Front 63

Aminoglycosides have two major side effects

Back 63

Ototoxicity & nephrotoxicity

Front 64

Salmonella is

Back 64

The most common food bourne infection

Front 65

Fever, chills, vomiting, headache, nephrotoxic, electrolyte imbalances, hypotension, dysthymias, cardiac arrest, ototoxicity and many drug interactions

Back 65

Amphoterecin B (Fungizone)

Front 66

Anti-fungal that can only be given IV

Back 66

Amphoterecin B (Fungizone)

Front 67

N&v, diarrhea, rare hepatotoxicity & stevens-johnson

Back 67

Fluconazole (Diflucan)

Front 68

Narrow spectrum: candida albicans

Back 68

Fluconazole (Diflucan)

Front 69

N&V, diarrhea if in oral form

Back 69

Nystatin (mycostatin)

Front 70

Malaria treatment

Back 70

Chloroquine (aralen)

Front 71

N&V, visual changes, photophobia, hemolytic anemia & retinal damage

Back 71

Chloroquine (aralen)

Front 72

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)

Back 72

• Infection of lips, eyes, mouth
• can be genital

Front 73

Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV- 2)

Back 73

Usually genital herpes

Front 74

Cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Back 74

Affects multiple body systems in immunosuppressed patients

Front 75

Varicella-zoster virus

Back 75

Chicken pox & shingles

Front 76

Epstein-barr virus (EBV)

Back 76

Mono & burkitt's lymphoma

Front 77

Herpes virus 6

Back 77

Roseola in children, hepatitis or encephalitis in immunocompromised individuals

Front 78

Acyclovir (Zovirax)

Back 78

Antiviral treatment

Front 79

Cox-2 inhibitor

Back 79

Celecoxib (Celebrex)

Front 80

Opioids agonists- high

Back 80

1. Fentanyl (duragesic)
2. Hydromorphone (dilaudid)
3. Meperidine (demerol)
4. Morphine (duramorph)

Hint 80

4 Ds or fhmm

Front 81

Opioid agonist- moderate

Back 81

1. Codeine
2. Hydrocodone
3. Oxycodone

Front 82

Respiratory depression, analgesia, suppresses cough reflex, euphoria, slows GI tract, N&V, & relaxation

Back 82

Effects of opioids

Front 83

Nociceptive

Back 83

Injury to tissue

Front 84

Neuropathic

Back 84

Injury to nerves

Front 85

Drugs that produce analgesic & CNS depression

Back 85

Narcotics

Front 86

Opioid receptors

Back 86

Mu & kappa

Front 87

Opioid overdose

Back 87

Naloxone (narcan) 0.4mg q 2-3 minutes up to 10mg

Front 88

3 nonopioid analgesics

Back 88

1. Acetaminophen
2. Ibuprofen
3. Tramadol

Front 89

Cox 1 inhibitor

Back 89

Present in all tissues & serves protection function

Hint 89

What does it do?

Front 90

Cox 2 inhibitor

Back 90

Formed after injury & serves to promote inflammation

Hint 90

What does it do ?

Front 91

Drugs that inhibit cox 1 & 2

Back 91

Aspirine & ibuprofen

Front 92

What treats tension headaches

Back 92

1. Ibuprofen
2. Acetaminophen
3. Fioricet (acetaminophen, caffeine, & butalbital)

Hint 92

3 drugs not aspirine

Front 93

How to treat migraines

Back 93

1. Avoid triggers
2. Reduce light & noise
3. Start with acetaminophen or NSAIDS

4. Anti migraine

Front 94

Anti migraine medication

Back 94

1. Triptans
2. Ergot alkaloids