Anxiolytics And Hypnotics

Front 1

Anti-anxiety drugs also have what function

Back 1

Hypnotic and anticonvulsant

Front 2

What drugs have replaced barbiturates as antianxiety medications

Back 2

Benzodiazepines

Front 3

What is the target receptor for benzodiazepines

Back 3

GABA

Front 4

What is the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the CNS

Back 4

GABA

Front 5

Binding of GABA to its receptors triggers an opening of what channel

Back 5

chloride

Front 6

T or F: benzodiazepines activate influx of chloride ions which causes a small hyperpolarization and inhibits formation of action potentials

Back 6

TRUE

Front 7

Do benzos have antipsychotic and analgesic actions?

Back 7

No

Front 8

What are the actions of Benzos

Back 8

anxiolytic, hypnotic, anterograde amnesia, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant

Front 9

What property varies widely among the different benzos

Back 9

duration of action

Front 10

T or F: Benzos should not be used to alleviate the normal stress and should only be used for short periods due to their addiction potential

Back 10

TRUE

Front 11

Longer-acting benzos such as ___ are often preferred in those pts with anxiety that may require tx for prolonged periods of time

Back 11

Diazepam

Front 12

Out of the 3 effects of benzos, which one is less subject to tolerance - antianxiety, sedative, or hypnotic?

Back 12

Antianxiety

Front 13

Cross-tolerance exists among benzos as well as what other agent

Back 13

ethanol

Front 14

What benzo is best used for panic disorders

Back 14

Alprazolam

Front 15

This benzo is used to treat muscle spasms (seen in MS and cerebral palsy) and status epilepticus

Back 15

Diazepam

Front 16

Benzos increase this stage of sleep

Back 16

Stage 2 of non REM

Front 17

Benzos decrease these stages of sleep

Back 17

REM and slow-wave

Front 18

What are the 3 most commonly prescribed benzos for sleep disorders and how long are their actions

Back 18

Flurazepam (long-acting), Temazepam (intermediate-acting), Triazolam (short-acting)

Front 19

This benzo is useful for pts who can't stay asleep

Back 19

Temazepam

Front 20

This drug is useful for pts who are unable to fall asleep

Back 20

Triazolam

Front 21

Hypnotics should be given for what period of time

Back 21

less than 2-4 weeks

Front 22

Do benzos cross the placental barrier

Back 22

Yes

Front 23

T or F: psychological and physical dependence can develop if high doses over prolonged period of time are given

Back 23

TRUE

Front 24

T or F: Abrupt discontinuation of benzos may result in withdrawal symptoms such as anxiety, agitation, restlessness, insomnia

Back 24

TRUE

Front 25

Which benzo has a short elimination half-life and may induce more abrupt and severe withdrawal reactions

Back 25

Triazolam

Front 26

What are the two most common side effects of benzos

Back 26

Drowsiness and confusion

Front 27

This cerebellar side effect occurs at high doses of benzos

Back 27

Ataxia

Front 28

T or F: alcohol and other CNS depressants enhance the sedative-hypnotic effects of benzos

Back 28

TRUE

Front 29

This hypnotic drug has no anticonvulsant or muscle-relaxing properties, shows no withdrawal effects, exhibits minimal rebound insomina, and little or no tolerance

Back 29

Zolpidem (Ambien CR)

Front 30

Zaleplon (Sonata) is what type of drug

Back 30

hypnotic

Front 31

Buspirone (Buspar) is useful in treating these psych disorders and has an efficacy comparable to benzos

Back 31

Generalized anxiety disorders

Front 32

Actions of Buspirone (Buspar) appear to be mediated by these receptors

Back 32

5-HT1A receptors

Front 33

Hypothermia is a side effect of this anxiolytic drug

Back 33

Buspirone (Buspar)

Front 34

Does Buspirone (Buspar) have a fast or slow onset of action

Back 34

slow

Front 35

This is the only drug used for insomnia that has been shown to be effective for up to six months

Back 35

Eszopiclone (Lunesta)

Front 36

This drug is an antihistamine that has a low tendency for habituation and is useful for pts with anxiety who have a h/o drug abuse

Back 36

Hydroxyzine

Front 37

This drug is a benzo antagonist

Back 37

flumazenil (Romazicon)

Front 38

Flumazenil (Romazicon) can be administered through what route

Back 38

IV

Front 39

T or F: Onset of flumazenil (Romazicon) is rapid but duration is short, and frequent administration may be necessary to maintain reversal of long-acting benzos

Back 39

TRUE

Front 40

What drugs used to be the mainstay of tx to sedate, induce, and maintain sleep and are known to have very severe withdrawal symptoms such as coma in toxic doses

Back 40

Barbiturates

Front 41

Unlike benzos, barbiturates potentiate GABA action by doing what to the chloride channels

Back 41

prolonging the duration of opening

Front 42

Barbiturates are classified according to what property

Back 42

Duration of action

Front 43

This barbiturate acts within seconds and has 30 minute duration of action and used in the IV induction of anesthesia

Back 43

Thiopental

Front 44

This barbiturate has a duration of action greater than a day and is used in the treatment of seizures

Back 44

Phenobarbital

Front 45

Pentobarbital and secobarbital have what duration of action

Back 45

Short-acting

Front 46

At low doses, barbiturates have what action

Back 46

Sedation

Front 47

At higher doses, barbiturates have what actions

Back 47

Hypnosis, anesthesia, coma, and death

Front 48

Do barbiturates have analgesic properties

Back 48

No

Front 49

T or F: Barbiturates suppress the chemoreceptor response to CO2 and overdose is followed by respiratory depression and death

Back 49

TRUE

Front 50

Is there an antagonist for barbiturates

Back 50

No

Front 51

This drug's active metabolite is trichlorethanol, it's used as a sedative and hypnotic

Back 51

Chloral hydrate

Front 52

Diphenhydramine is what type of drug

Back 52

Antihistamine (sedative)

Front 53

This sedative is metabolized first to acetaldehyde by alcohol dehydrogenase and then to acetate by aldehyde dehydrogenase

Back 53

Ethanol

Front 54

This sedative blocks the oxidation of acetaldehyde to acetic acid by inhibiting aldehyde dehydrogenase, resulting in accumulation of acetaldehyde causing flushing, tachycardia, and nausea

Back 54

Disulfiram

Front 55

T or F: Disulfiram has found some use in the patient seriously desiring to stop alcohol ingestion by inducing a conditioned avoidance response

Back 55

TRUE