Anxiety-Sedation-Epilepsy

Front 1

What is the dose-dependent progression of effects that anxiety drugs have?

Back 1

Relax (decrease anxiety)-sedation-anesthesia-coma

Front 2

What type of drug is Buspar?

Back 2

Antianxiety drug

Front 3

How does Buspar work?

Back 3

Stimulates CNS serotonin receptors, partial agonist.

Front 4

What effects does Buspar lack that BZD has?

Back 4

Lacks muscle relaxant, amnesiac, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects.

Front 5

What are the most common adverse rxns of Buspar?

Back 5

Nausea, headache, dizziness, insomnia.

Front 6

What is an important distinguishing feature between Buspar and BZD when considering SE?

Back 6

Buspar does NOT cause dependence or withdrawal effects. It is not addictive. Doesn't interact with alcohol.

BZD is addictive.

Front 7

What is the indicated use for Buspar?

Back 7

Generalized anxiety disorder.

Front 8

How do barbiturates work? Why are they dangerous?

Back 8

Depress CNS. Narrow therapeutic index, highly addictive.

Front 9

What are some therapeutic uses of Barbiturates?

Back 9

Effective for sedation, insomnia and in emergency cases, can be used for seizures.

Front 10

What is the most frequently used class of drugs to treat anxiety?

Back 10

Benzodiazepines (BZD)

Front 11

Name three drugs under the BZD class.

Back 11

Valium, Xanax and Ativan

Front 12

How do these drugs differ?

Back 12

The main difference is the duration of action related to their lipid solubility.

Front 13

What is the prototype for BZD and how do they work?

Back 13

Valium.

Increases the inhibitory effects of GABA in CNS. GABA facilitators.

Front 14

What are the pharmacological actions of BZDs? (4)

Back 14

-Reduction of anxiety
-Sedation, hypnotic actions
-Anticonvulsant
-Muscle relaxor

Front 15

What are some SE of BZDs? (4)

Back 15

-Psychological and physical dependence w/ chronic administration.
-Withdrawal including anxiety, confusion, aggitation, restlesness, insomnia.
-CNS depression, drowsiness, ataxia, memory impairment.
-Paradoxial excitement.

Front 16

Name 4 barbiturate drugs.

Back 16

1. phenobarbital
2. pentobarbital
3. butabarbital
4. secobarbital

Front 17

What is the prototype for barbiturates? MOA?

Back 17

Phenobarbital.

MOA: Interfere w/ sodium and potassium transport across cell membrane. Causes an inhibitory effect on reticular activating system. Inhibits polysynaptic transmission in all areas of CNS.

Front 18

How does phenobarbital get into CNS?

Back 18

It readily penetrates CNS due to high lipid solubility. Becomes widely distributed throughout body.

Front 19

What is the duration of action of phenobarbital?

Back 19

Long-acting, 1-2 days.

Front 20

What are some SE of Phenobarbital?

CNS/CP

Back 20

-Physical and psychologically addicting w/ prolonged use.
-Abrupt w/drawal may be fatal
-Drowsiness and decreased motor performance day after administration.
-Mood, judgement, fine motor skills may be distorted.
-CVS: bradycardia/hypotension
-CP: hypoventilation

Front 21

Which sedative-hypnotics/anti-anxiety drugs are addicting?

Back 21

All but Buspar.

Front 22

Are barbiturates useful for treating anxiety?

Back 22

NO

Front 23

How does Dilantin work?

Back 23

Decreases the influx of NA ions, stabilizing neuronal membranes to depolarization.

Does not cause CNS depression like barbiturates, but it will cause drowsiness, but not hypnosis.

Front 24

What are the SE of Dilatin?
-CNS
-GI
-Mouth

Back 24

CNS: Nystagmus and ataxia due to depression of cerebellum/vestibular system.

GI: Nausea and vomitting

Mouth: Gingival hyperplasia, esp. in children. Must brush gums frequently and vigorously.

Front 25

If serious SE occur, what is the protocal for stopping Dilatin treatment?

Back 25

Cannot stop abruptly. Could have a rebound seizure that is very profound. Have to ween off.

Front 26

How does Carbamazepine work?

Back 26

Reduces the propagation of abnormal impulses in the brain by BLOCKING sodium channels.

Front 27

What are the SE of Carbamazepine? (ABCD)

Back 27

Ataxia
Aplastic anemia (alteration of RBC)
Blurred vision
Cardiac Arrhythmias
Dizziness
Drowsiness

Front 28

How does Valproate work?

Back 28

Reduces the propagation of abnormal electrical discharge in the brain. It may also ENHANCE the effect of inhibitory GABA.

Front 29

What are some SE of Valproate?

AGLIST

Back 29

-GI distress
-Temporary hair loss
-Sedation
-Ataxia
-Impaired platelet function
-Liver toxicity

Front 30

What kind of seizures is Dilantin used for?

Back 30

All kinds

Front 31

What kind of seizures is Carbamazepine used for?

Back 31

All partial and generalized tonic-clonic seizures.

Front 32

What kind of seizures is Valproate used for?

Back 32

Absence seizures and complex partial seizures.