Anxiety Disorders Part I: Intro & Panic Disorders

Front 1

Fear (emotion):

Back 1

Immediate alarm reaction to present danger-a real stimulus

Front 2

Fear (cognitive):

Back 2

selective attention to the threatening stimulus

Front 3

Fear (physiological):

Back 3

preparing the body for fighting against the threat or escaping from the danger

Front 4

Anxiety

Back 4

negative mood characterized by a subjective sense of threat or danger and bodily symptoms of physical tension; apprehension about the future because events cannot be predicted or controlled; it's an emotional state that's future-oriented

Front 5

panic attack

Back 5

abrupt experience of intense fear or discomfort; physical symptoms (racing heart, breathlessness, chest pain, sweats, dizziness)

Front 6

Primary DSM-IV Anxiety Disorders

Back 6

panic disorder with agoraphobia, panic disorder without agoraphobia, specific phobia, social phobia (usually about eating, talking, performing in public), generalized anxiety disorder (difficult to diagnose, symptoms overlap with other disorders like depressive disorder), obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder

Front 7

anxiety disorders that are situationally bound (cued)

Back 7

specific phobia and social phobia

Front 8

disorders that are unexpected (uncued)

Back 8

panic disorders, they're situationally predisposed, you don't know that every time you're exposed to it, you'll have the reaction, the fear of having the panic attack almost causes it

Front 9

General characteristics of anxiety disorders

Back 9

involve anxiety, panic, or both; most common type of disorder in the U.S. (one year prevalence rate 18.1%, lifetime prevalence rate: 29%), only 1/5 with anxiety disorders will seek treatment, uniquely increases risk of suicidal ideation and attempts (independent of depression); commonality-preoccupation or avoidance with things that cause anxiety, panic because of the anxiety they feel, negative reinforcement

Front 10

comorbidity

Back 10

co-occurrence of two or more disorders in a single individual

Front 11

DSM criteria for panic attacks

Back 11

a discrete period of intense (peak 4 minutes) with 4 or more symptoms:
palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, feeling of choking, nausea or abdominal distress, dizzy, unsteady, faint, derealization or depersonalization, fear of losing control, fear of dying, numbness or tingling, chills or hot flashes

Front 12

dissociative symptoms of depersonalization or derealization

Back 12

an alteration in the perception or experience of the self or the experience of the external world so that it seems unreal or unfamiliar. an alteration in the perception or experience of he self so that one has the distressing feeling of being detached from one's mind or body, as if they are not part of their body

Front 13

Panic Disorder without agoraphobia

Back 13

recurrent unexpected panic attacks, at least 1 month of persistent concern about having additional attacks, worry about consequences of the attack, or behavior change related to the attacks; does not meet the criteria for agoraphobia

Front 14

panic disorder without agoraphobia

Back 14

must meet DS-IV criteria for panic attacks and agoraphobia: anxiety of being in places or situations from which escape might be difficult or embarrassing or in which help might not be available in the event of panic symptoms, avoidance of situations or endured with distress

Front 15

Stimuli typically avoided by people with agoraphobia

Back 15

situations (shopping malls, cars, theatres, subways, etc.)
and interoceptive daily activities, tend to avoid any increase in heart rate or respiration (aerobic exercise, debates, heavy meals, walking outside in extreme heat or cold, etc.)

Front 16

Prevalence of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia

Back 16

one year: 2.7%
lifetime: 4.7%
66% female

Front 17

prevalence of agoraphobia without a history of panic disorder

Back 17

lifetime: 1.4%

Front 18

age of onset of panic-related disorders

Back 18

usually from mid teens through about 40 yeas of age, median age range 20-24 years old

Front 19

iatrogenic

Back 19

more treatment and medical tests cause more panic because they think they have an unkown disease

Front 20

susto

Back 20

characterizes a panic disorder in Latin America, physical symptoms but not feeling of fear

Front 21

ataque de nervios

Back 21

shouting uncontrollably, bursting into tears

Front 22

Cultural issues of panic disorders

Back 22

prevalence rates are highly similar worldwide in developed countries, somatic symptoms of anxiety may be emphasized in some developing countries, rates are generally similar among different ethnic groups in the U.S.

Front 23

kyol goeu

Back 23

refugees from Cambodia, Vietnam, wind overload, dizziness when moving from sitting to standing

Front 24

Cognitive-behavioral therapy treatment for panic attacks

Back 24

exposure to interoceptive, sensations associated with panic attacks; cognitive therapy used to identify and modify basic attitudes and perceptions; relaxation/breathing retraining

Front 25

treatment for agoraphobia

Back 25

graduated exposure, gradually face the feared situations and learn there is nothing to fear