Anxiety And And Phobias

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Anxiety

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the physiological, cognitive and psychological responses to an anticipated threat from the environment

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Anxiety disorder

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when anxiety occurs in peopleat unwanted times or with a severity far in excess of the threat

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Phobia

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an excessive or exaggerated fear response to a stimulus (an object or situation) that is distressing to the person, such that they avoid or are fearful of contact with it

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Gamma aminobutyric acid (GABA)

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the major inhibtory neurotransmitter in the brain

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Diazepam

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drug used to treat anxiety disorders

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Psychodynamic theory of specific phobia

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theory that the anxiety or fear an indiividual has may not be principally directed towards the real source of the anxiety; insted it is displaced and felt as anxiety related to something else that manifests as phobia

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Behavioural theory of specific phobia

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theory that phobia has been consiered or learnt by the affected individual

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Negative maladaptive cognition

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cognitive theeory of phobia, that says that a person may experience shame or eambarrassment at the thought the he or she may become frightened in public and may avoid such a risk, further negatively reinforcing the avoidence behaviour

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Psychoanaltic psychotheraby of specific phobia

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where psychoanalytic treatment is used to uncover the 'real' source of a paitent's anxiety

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Exposure therapy

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where a phobia is treated through exposure to the source of the fear

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Systematic desensitisation

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where phobic patient is grdually to increasing amounts of the stimulus

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Flooding

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an application of classical coditioning where the learner confronts the most distressing aspect of a phobia (by either imagining it or being physically exposed to it) until the distress is eliminated

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Parental modelling

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where parental influences may have shaped the development of anxiety disorders of their children, particularly pretraining to social anxiety

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Transmission of threat information

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where prerental modelling has transmitted strong threat information from specific stimuli to their children