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81 Cards in this Set
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A vague feeling of dread or apprehension Response to external or internal stimuli- behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and physical systems |
Anxiety |
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Feelings of afraid or threatened by a clearly identifiable external stimuli that represents danger to a person |
Fear |
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Group of conditions that share a key feature of excessive anxiety with ensuing behavioral, emotional, cognitive, or physiologic responses |
Anxiety Disorder |
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Disintegrated pschy, ego defense mech used to deal with trauma by seperating it from the psychy |
Dissociation |
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Things that don't seem real |
Derealization |
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Feeling like you're in a dream or viewing yourself from outside your body. Disconnected from self |
Depersonalization |
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Wear and tear that life causes on the body |
Stress |
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Can be normal when appropriate to situation and dissipates when situation is resolved |
Normal Anxiety |
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Most common psych disorder 15% of pop. in life time Usually begins in early adulthood Agoraphobia and social phobia most common in women probably r/t less testosterone OCD equal in men and women Comorbid with depression, substance abuse, ED, and tourettes |
Epidemiology of Anxiety |
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Insomnia, tachypnea, SOB, tachycardia, diaphoresis, dizziness, paresthesias (pins and needles) |
Biologic/autonomic symptoms of Anxiety |
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Increased motor activity (pacing, tremors, stuttering, restlessness), rituals/compulsions (person realizes they are silly but must do them), avoidance, increased dependance, esp in children |
Behavioral symptoms of Anxiety |
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Narrowed perceptual field, sense of doom/hopelessness, confusion, obsessions/ruminations, intense fear, distortions of reality, dissociation |
Psychological symptoms of Anxiety |
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believe anxiety is genetic greater adrenaline release less GABA or Serotonin |
Biologic Theory of Etiology |
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d/t unresolved internal conflicts usually stemming from childhood Ego uses defense mechanisms to protect itself against anxiety produced by superego When ego defenses no longer work anxiety breaks through |
Psycho dynamic model-Freud |
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Cognitive distortions that a person uses unconsciously to maintain a sense of being in control of a situation/lessen discomfort/deal with stress |
Defense mechanism |
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All people use them Reduces anxiety and guilt but rarely solves problems that created anxiety |
Ego Defense Mechanisms |
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Making an excuse for why inappropriate behavior is ok |
Rationalization |
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Discharge of pent up feelings onto someone who is less threatening |
Displacement |
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Acting the opposite of the way one really feels |
Reaction formation |
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The overuse of abstract thinking to minimize painful feelings |
Intellectualization |
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try to undo an inappropriate behavior usually by being extra nice |
Undoing |
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Deficiencies in one area are balanced by excelling in another |
Compensation |
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Converting a socially unacceptable behavior/drive into an acceptable one |
Sublimation |
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Incorporating the image of another admired person into ones psychy to avoid the anxiety or creating ones own identity |
Indentification |
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Regressing to an earlier stage of development |
Regression |
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The conscious inhibition of an impulse |
Suprression |
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Avoiding dealing with anxiety provoking situations |
Resistance |
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Compartmentalizing good and bad |
Splitting |
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Expression of an emotional conflict through the development of physical symptoms |
Conversion |
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Keeping from consciences unacceptable thoughts and impulses |
Repression |
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Refusal to accept an unpleasant reality |
Denial |
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Believe anxiety and depression d/t misinterpretation of events d/t cognitive distortions (not to the level of psychosis)
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Cognitive Model- Beck, Burns, Ellis |
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Anxiety manifestations d/t past behavior to similar event Can be unlearned |
Behaviorist Model- Pavlov, Skinner |
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1. Alarm Reaction 2. Resistance Phase 3. Exhaustion Phase |
Response to Stress |
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Perceived stress causes hypothalmus to send message to pituitary which sends message to adrenal gland which releases adrenalin and cortisol, pancreas to release insulin and live to release glucose
To prepare for potential defense needs |
Alarm Reaction |
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Parasympathetic NS (digestive) slows down to shunt blood to voluntary muscles for fight or flight (or freeze)
If the stressor is reduced effectively either by escape or resolution the body returns to a resting state of mild anxiety |
Resistance Phase |
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If stress is not reduced body stays in fight or flight mode but runs out of adrenalin and glucose
Results in feeling exhausted Chronically elevated cortisol levels can damage hippocampus |
Exhaustion Phase |
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Relaxed, mild, moderate, severe, panic |
4 levels of anxiety |
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no excessive anxiety |
Relaxed |
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mildly elevated VS, perceptual field increased, good for learning/focusing, increased sensory stimulation
Sensation that something is different and warrents special attention Motivates to make changes, goal-orientated activity |
Mild Anxiety |
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Feel threatened, VS increase, decrease in concentration, mild SOB, GI upset, twitches, tremors, Nervous, agitated, can be redirected
Disturbing feeling that something is definitely wrong |
Moderate Anxiety |
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Excessive adrenergic discharge, palpitations, dry mouth, very narrowed perceptual field, greatly decreased concentration and problem solving abilities, trouble thinking/reasoning, muscles tighten, restless, irritable, angry |
Severe Anxiety |
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Severe SOB, c/o smothering, chest pain or pressure, hot flashes, severe trembling, fear of losing control or dying, unable to concentrate and problem solve, disorganized thought
Composed of discrete episode of panic attacks |
Panic Anxiety |
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Anticipation of perceived danger from past experience that has been repressed |
Signal Anxiety |
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anxiety a person experiences as part of personality |
Trait anxiety |
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anxiety of an uncontrollable situation where fight or flight is impossible |
State anxiety |
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anxiety that cannot be connected to any particular event or situation; just woke up anxious, will be fine tomorrow |
Free floating anxiety |
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Pervasive and excessive worry and other symptoms of anxiety most of the time for 6 months of more
3 or more symptoms |
GAD, Generalized anxiety disorder |
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sudden feelings of impending door or death, losing control and other very severe anxiety symptoms |
Panic disorder |
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fear of it happening again (panic attack) so one does not do that again |
Avoidance behavior |
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unwanted repetitive thoughts which cause anxiety followed by compulsion to relieve anxiety |
OCD |
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person has recurrent thoughts of stressful event is unable to mobilize, last days to months |
Acute stress disorder |
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similar S&S to acute stress disorder but symptoms appear months to years later
may also have hyper-vigilance, anger, and risk taking behaviors |
PTSD |
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irrational fear of situation or object that manifests with severe anxiety or panic |
Phobia |
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fear of specific stimuli |
Simple phobia |
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severe shyness, fear of humiliation, social/performance situations |
Social phobia/social anxiety disorder |
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fear of being unable to escape |
Agoraphobia/claustrophobia |
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Relief of anxiety achieved by performing the specific anxiety-driven behavior |
Primary Gain |
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Attention received from others as a result of these behaviors |
Secondary Gain |
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Physical symptoms in absence of true physical illness |
Somatoform Disorders |
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various complaints of many body systems |
Somatization disorder |
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person believes they have specific serious illness with no evidence of |
Hypochondrias |
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excessive pain that cannot be attributed to illness |
Pain disorder |
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preoccupation with a mild or imagined body defect, has OCD component |
Body Dysmorphic disorder |
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sensorimotor (involves sensor or motor symptoms) deficiencies not related to physical illness |
Conversion Disorder |
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Person creates (subconsciously) alternate personality usually r/t severe childhood trauma commonly known as split personality disorder |
Dissociative Identity disorder |
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Person abandons their routine and forgets their identity or may take on a new identity
More commonly seen after war or other traumatic events |
Dissociative Fugue |
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person forgets personal information about a traumatic event |
Dissociative Amnesia |
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Turning a negative into a positive |
Positive reframing |
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effective for anxiety but prone to abuse and addiction Valium, Xanax, Librium, Ativan, Klonopin, Serax |
Benzodiazepines |
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Therapist's use of questions to more realistically appraise the situation |
Decatastrophizing |
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Help the person take more control over life situations |
Assertiveness training |
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Non-benzo, antianxiety agent acts on specific serotonin recpetior |
Buspirone |
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Drug of choice because reduce anxiety with addiction or abuse |
SSRI |
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effective for anxiety and mood but have many SE
anticholinergic and adrenergic blockade SE |
TCA |
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used to treat severe anxiety |
Antipsychotics |
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teaches people that what they think can affect them physically
people can learn to relax themselves by thinking positive thoughts |
Biofeedback |
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slow exposure to an anxiety producing stimulus |
Systematic desensitization |
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Rapid desensitization in which pt is confronted with phobic object until it no longer produced anxiety |
Flooding |
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Automatic, unconscious mannerisms |
Automatisms |
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best treated with cognitive behavioral techniques as opposed to psychodynamic techniques |
Acute anxiety |
