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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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3 elements of a theory
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set of well defined concepts
relationship among concepts hypothesis used to test theory |
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Maslow's Heirarchy
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1-physiological(air, water, food, rest)
2-safety( be safe to feel safe) 3-love and belonging(sexual&friend) 4-self esteem-confidence, ability, self-worth 5-self actualization( full potential) |
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Nutrition
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sum of the processes by which the body uses for energy, maintenance, and growth
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optimal nutrition
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RECEIVING and USING essential nutrients to sustain life (no extra i/o, or storage)
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into the wild
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nutritional status
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condition of the body as it relates to consumption & use of food
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what/how we digest
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nutrient
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chemical substance present in food and needed by the body
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Obesity-Malnutrition relationship
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energy intake>energy expend=O
energy intake<energy expend=M |
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RD amount of exercise per day
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30 mins
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protein function
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source of energy
essential for tissue synthesis in growth, maintenance |
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fat
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building blocks of membranes
carrier for absorption of fat-soluble vitamins |
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Carbohyrdates
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main source of energy/fuel(glucose)
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fat soluble vitamins
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organic substances essential to normal metabolism
used as catalysts in meta reactions |
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water
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critical component of body(cell function depends upon it)
60-70% of total body wt |
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vegetarian diet nutrition principles
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protein, zinc, iron, calcium, vit D &B12
if avoiding milk special attention to protein, iron, calcium, B12 and D |
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advantages of fat in the diet
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acts as a carrier for absorption of fat soluble vitamins A, D, E, K, carotenine
building blocks of membranes |
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diets closely related to new food pyramid
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1800, 2000, 2200 caloric diets
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RDA sodium
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2300mgm/ 1tsp
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RDA fat intake
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22% (25-35%)
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RDA saturated fats
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10%
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RDA total fatty acids
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20-35%
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vegetarian advantages
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lower obesity, constipation, hypertension, heart dx, stroke, kidney dx, osteoperosis lung, colon, breast and prostate CA
dentalerosion and caries |
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Potassium resources
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sweet potato
totmato paste beet greens potato white beans yogurt prune juice carrot juice blackstrap molasses halibut |
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Iron resources
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clams
fortified cereals oysters organ meats fortified instate cooked cereals soybeans pumpkin and squash seeds white beans blackstrap molasses lentils |
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calcium
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plain yogurt
romano cheese pasteurized swiss cheese plain yogurt (low fat) fruit yogurt(low fat) swiss cheese ricota cheese american cheese provolone cheese mozz cheese |
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vitamin A
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organ meats
carrot juice sweet potato pumpkin carrots spinach collards kale mixed veggies turnip greens |
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vitamin C
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guava
red sweet pepper raw red sweet pepper cooked kiwi orange juice green pepper raw green pepper cooked grapefruit juice veg juice |
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Magnesium
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pumpkin and squash kernels
brzil nuts bran ready to eat cereals halibut quinoa spinach almonds spinach fresh buckwheat flour cashews |
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dietary fiber
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navy beans
read to eat cereal kidney beans split peas lentils black beans pinto beans artichoke white beans |
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activity and mobility physical aspects
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promote elimination
muscle loss and skin breakdown if not performed |
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factors of immobility
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lifestyle-plp learn from cultures
disability-adl energy level-vary prs to prs lab values-low HCT and HCB and O2 lead to decreased O2 in blood age-as plp age activity lvl decrease |
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Musculo-skeletal immobility effects
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atrophy
contractures-(spasms) thrombus-(clotting) prevent with ROM |
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Cardiovascular immobility effects
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pooled blood in lower extremities
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vascular immobility effects
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edema(impeding flow back to the heart)
DVT embulis prevent-TEDS/SCDS |
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respiratory immobility effects
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decrease ventilation
increased secretions ability to clear cough/bronchi of mucus-leading to increase of pneumonia prevent-elevate HOB |
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metabolic immobility effects
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imbalance of protein synthesis(brkdwn)
brkdwn exceeds synthesis prevent-increase protein, cal, fiber |
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urinary immobility effects
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urinary statsis-increased risk of UTI and retention
excessive Ca build-up-increase risk of kidney stones(urine more alkine) Prevent-increase fld 2000mls, egg, cheese, prunes, plum, cranberry |
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GI immobility effects
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anorexia
digestive motility/constipation decreased colon mobility defecation delay due to pain |
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skin/integumentary immobility effects
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atrophy/decay/elasticity decrease
pressure ulcers/decubitis/bed sores |
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stages of decubitis
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I-redness of epidermis (0 brkdwn)
II-epidermis brkdwn/partial loss of dermis III-loss of epidermis/dermis and sub q brkdwn IV-loss of epidermis/dermis/sub q and extension into muscle/tendon/bone |
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psycho-social system immobility effects
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loss of self-esteem/emotional system
decreased social status |
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environmental issues of s/s
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air/food/water
physical env-lighting/clutter(room/hallway), transmission of path/micro-o, waste removal hazards-electrical |
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fall issues s/s
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leading cause of injury/death to elderly
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factors influence s/s
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age-young/elderly highest risk
lifestyle sensory-all at risk immobility-increased risk of injury language sundown syndrome |
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sensory process components
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reception-RECEIVING data/stimulus
perception-ORGANIZING/TRANSLATING into meaning |
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sensory disturbances
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deficite-impairment of sens process
(pt unable to receive/distorted info) depravation-input to low for reception( quality/quantity inaccurate) overload-too much stimulus(noise, lights) |
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factors affect sensory stimulus
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age-elderly
meds-endue all senses envir-noise pre-exsisting dx:contribute to further decrease ability smoke-decrease taste |
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urine characteristics (normal)
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color-straw
odor-aromatic torridity-clear specific gravity(1.010-1.024) vol-50ml/hr (1200-1500mL/Q24) |
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urine characteristics (abn)
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glucosuria-sugar present (diabetic)
Ketonuria-ketones present (diabetic/alcoholic) hematuria-blood present (RBC&WBC) protienuria-protien present pyuria-pus present (major UTI) |
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factors affecting urinary elimation
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growth/dev
social aspect:plp can't in public psychosocial:anxiety meds:rention/ calcium salts abd musc:weak musc decrease bladder and spynter control pre-existing dx: diabetes, prostate |
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polyuria
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frequent urination
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oliguria
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voiding small amounts (100-500mL/Q24)
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anuria
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no void,kidney shutdown (<100mL Q24)
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enuresis
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bed wetting
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polyonephritis
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UTI-kidney infection (flank pain)
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cystitis
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UTI-bladder infection
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bowel characteristics (normal)
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color-brown
odor-unplesant Ph-(4.6-8) slightly alkaline consistancy-soft/formed size/shape-1-2 inch diameter vol-varies |
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bowel characteristics (abn)
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blood-GI dx
mucous & pus-GI irritation food residue-poor fat absorption parasites-sigella and samonella]' |
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factors affect bowel elimation
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age
diet-increase fiber/h2o emotional stress meds-coating/constipation prevent-privacy,exercise, ambulation, diet,cleanliness |
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sexuality
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begins at conception-sperm/ova
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factors in sexual develpment
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physical
cognitive developmental |
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sexuality physical concerns
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cardiac-fear death when having intercourse
respiratory-breath when laying change positions to decrease exertions spinal chord injury-pericardium (quad/paraplegic) ostomy-bag possibly break open |
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sleep restoration
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period of decrease/change of body activity resulting in a feeling of refreshment
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sleep
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minor physical activity/variable states of LOC
change in physicalogical processes decreased responsiveness to xtern stimuli |
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altered state of conciousness
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persons reception/reaction are decreased
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stages of sleep
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NREM
REM 70 min per cycle -avg 3/4 per night |
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NREM
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most resembles awakeness
R and HR decrease pre-sleep |
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FURTHER
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further decrease R/HR/TEMP
musc relax fairly light sleep (10-15 min) |
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LOSS
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loss of musc tone/difficult to arouse
initial stage of deep sleep |
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DEEPEST
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deepest stage of sleep/total relax
rare movement (15-30min) |
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REM cycle
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active dreaming
mental restoration most diff arousal BP/HR/R/TEMP flucuate apnea may occur |
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factors influencing sleep
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illness
pain-prevent/awaken envir/lifestyle: shift,stress.anxiety alcohol exercise-induce/prevent |
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insomnia
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inability to sleep
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hypersomnia
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to much sleep
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narcolepsi
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uncontrolled need to sleep, sudden
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apnea
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RR periodically stop
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deprivation
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result of sleep disturbances
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sleep pattern hx
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recent changes
medications stress need for envir changes |
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pain
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unique to pt
subjective perception sign of tissue damage |
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acute pain
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intense
last few seconds(0<6mths) |
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chronic pain
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slow enduring (>6mths)
start unknown typically depressed/agitated become acustomed |
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phantom pain
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experienced from limb no longer existent
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radiating pain
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felt at the source
spreads to other areas of body |
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pain threshold
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amount of stimuli needed before pain is felt
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pain tolerance
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maximum amt of pain able to endure
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physical responses to pain
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BP/HR increase
GI motility |
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factors btwn pain and pt
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cultural background
previous experience response from others (IN/DECREASE) |
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assesment of pain
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location
duration intensity-0-10 quality-feels like/description |
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