Antrho

Front 1

The customs, rules and obligations that establish a special relationship between sexually cohabiting adults, between them and any children they take responsibility for, and between the kin of the married couple.

Back 1

Marriage

Front 2

Every society has rules that govern sexual access.

Back 2

True

Front 3

Monogamy
Polygyny
Polyandry

Back 3

Forms of Marriage

Front 4

Within the above rubrics, we find two additional forms of marriage (this is not an exhaustive list, there are others):

Back 4

Cousin marriage (a type of endogamy)
Arranged marriage
Same-sex marriage

Front 5

Marriage of a man to two or more women at the same time; a form of polygamy.
Commonly found in Africa, but exists in many other parts of the world
Example: certain members of the Mormon church in the United States

Back 5

Polygyny

Front 6

The _____ are one of many examples of what from a US perspective would be a sexually permissive cultures

Back 6

Nayar

Front 7

A landowning warrior caste, their estates are held by corporations made up of kinsmen related through the female line.
These relatives live together in a household, with the eldest male serving as manager.
Traditionally these boys began military training around age of 7, and were away from home for significant stretches of time.

Back 7

Nayar

Front 8

Shortly before a girl experienced her first menstruation there was a ceremony that joined her with a “______” in a temporary union which did not necessarily involve sexual relations.

Back 8

Ritual Husband

Front 9

When a young Nayar woman entered into a continuing sexual liaison with a man approved by her family, it became a formal relationship that required the man to present her with gifts three times each year until the relationship was terminated.
The man could spend the nights with her, but had no obligation to support her economically.
The woman may have had such an arrangement with more than one man at the same time.

Back 9

Visiting Husband

Front 10

When the woman became pregnant, one of the men with whom she has a relationship must acknowledge paternity by making gifts to the woman and the midwife.

Back 10

Acknowledging Paternity

Front 11

NOTE: after British occupation of India ______ was enforced

Back 11

Monogamy

Front 12

The prohibition of sexual relations between specified individuals, usually parent-child and sibling relations at a minimum.
Found universally, although the specific prohibition varies
In the United States, most states have some law preventing marriage between parents and children, siblings and certain cousins (e.g., first or second cousins)

Back 12

Incest taboo

Front 13

Marriage within a particular group or category of individuals (e.g, lineage, clan, village)

Back 13

Endogamy

Front 14

Marriage outside the group

Back 14

Exogamy

Front 15

Payment of money or goods from the groom’s to the bride’s kin to legitimize a marriage

Back 15

Bridewealth

Front 16

The groom is expected to work for a period of time for the bride’s family.

Back 16

Bride Service

Front 17

Payment of a woman’s inheritance by bride’s kin at the time of marriage to her or her husband (or husband’s kin)

Back 17

Dowry

Front 18

The rights to ____ and the legal procedures it entails vary cross-culturally.
Factors contributing to divorce (esp in Western societies):
Many marriages are based on ideals of romantic love or the idealization of youth.
Establishing an intimate bond in a society in which people are taught to seek individual gratification is difficult.

Back 18

Divorce

Front 19

Two or more people related by blood, marriage, or adoption

Back 19

Family

Front 20

Basic residential unit in which economic production, consumption, inheritance, child rearing, and shelter are organized and carried out

Back 20

Household

Front 21

Families need not make up a household

Back 21

True

Front 22

Family based on marriage - A family consisting married couple (or multiple marriage partners) and their offspring

Back 22

Conjugal Family

Front 23

Family based on blood relations

Back 23

Consanguineal

Front 24

A group consisting of one or more parents and dependent offspring, which may include a stepparent, stepsiblings, and adopted children.

Back 24

Nuclear Family

Front 25

A collection of nuclear families, related by ties of blood, that live in one household.

Back 25

Extended Family

Front 26

Five Basic Residence Patterns (PMANA)

Back 26

Patrilocal
Matrilocal
Ambilocal
Neolocal
Avunculocal

Front 27

A residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the locality associated with the husband’s father’s relatives.

Back 27

(patri = father)
Patrilocal Residence

Front 28

A residence pattern in which a married couple lives in the locality associated with the wife’s relatives.

Back 28

Matrilocal residence

Front 29

A pattern in which a married couple may choose either matrilocal or patrilocal residence.

Back 29

(ambi/bi=two or both)
Ambilocal residence

Front 30

A pattern in which a married couple may establish their household in a location apart from either the husband’s or the wife’s relatives - this pattern is most common in the US (new = new)

Back 30

Neolocal residence

Front 31

Residence of a married couple with the husband’s mother’s brother
Found in matrilineal societies where a nephew inherits property from his mother's brother.

Back 31

(Avuncu = uncle)
Avunculocal residence

Front 32

______is a social network of relatives within which individuals have rights and obligations.
One’s ____status determines these rights and obligations.
____is especially important in societies where institutions such as a centralized government, a professional military, or financial banks are absent or ineffective.

Back 32

Kinship

Front 33

Triangle = _____
Cirlcle = ______

Back 33

Male/ Female

Front 34

Relatives by birth; so-called “blood” relatives.

Back 34

Consangual Kin

Front 35

Relatives by marriage.

Back 35

Affinal Kin

Front 36

Maintaining the integrity of resources that cannot be divided without being destroyed.
Providing work forces for tasks that require a labor pool larger than households can provide.
Rallying support for purposes of self-defense or offensive attack.

Back 36

Kin- Order Functions

Front 37

a kind of kinship group in which being in the direct line of descent from a real or mythical ancestor is a criterion of membership.

Back 37

Descent Groups

Front 38

____ may be traced exclusively through men or women, or through either at the discretion of the individual

Back 38

Descent

Front 39

Descent that establishes group membership through either the mother’s or the father’s line.

Back 39

Unilineal descent

Front 40

Descent traced exclusively through the female line to establish group membership.

Back 40

Matrilineal descent

Front 41

Descent traced exclusively through the male line to establish group membership.

Back 41

Patrilineal descent

Front 42

A unilineal kinship group descended from a common ancestor or founder who lived four to six generations ago, and in which relationships among members can be stated genealogically.

Back 42

Lineage

Front 43

An extended unilineal kinship group, often consisting of several lineages, whose members claim common descent from a remote ancestor, usually legendary or mythological.

Back 43

Clan

Front 44

Made up of consanguineal kin who can trace their genealogical links to a common ancestor.
Marriage of a group member represents an alliance of two lineages.
____ exogamy maintains open communication and fosters exchange of information among lineages

Back 44

Lineage

Front 45

Provide aid and security to their members.
Repositories of religious tradition, with group solidarity enhanced by worship of a common ancestor.

Back 45

Descent Group Functions

Front 46

Male members trace their descent from a common male ancestor.
A female belongs to the same descent group as her father and his brother.
Authority over the children lies with the father or his elder brother.

Back 46

Patrilineal Descent Groups

Front 47

Descent is traced through the female line.
Does not confer public authority on women (≠matriarchy), but women have more say in decision making than in patrilineal societies.
Authority is often in hands of mother’s brother
Common in societies where women perform much of the productive work.

Back 47

Matrilineal Descent Groups

Front 48

White Mountain Apaches in Arizona are organized in matrilineal clans.
Small groups of these women lived and worked together, farming on the banks of streams in the mountains and gathering wild foods in ancestral territories.
They trace their ancestry to Changing Woman, a mythological founding mother.

Back 48

White Mountain Apaches

Front 49

_____ is used by most Americans and Canadians.
Kinship is traced through both male and female lines.
Kin links through males and females are perceived as being similar or equivalent.
In North American ____ there is often matrilineal skewing, a preference for relatives on the mother's side.

Back 49

Bilateral kinship